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Monetary policy and production networks: an empirical investigation

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  • Ghassibe, Mishel

Abstract

This paper offers novel econometric evidence on the contribution of production networks to the effect of monetary shocks on real macroeconomic variables. In particular, we construct a highly disaggregated monthly dataset on US final sectoral consumption to estimate that at least 30% of the effect of monetary shocks on aggregate consumption comes from amplification through input-output linkages, which facilitate downstream propagation of price rigidity. At the sectoral level, we find that the network effect rises in the frequency of price non-adjustment and intermediates intensity. Moreover, the network effect is highly concentrated: sectors that jointly account for 17% of our sample aggregate consumption account for 98% of the amplification. In order to develop our econometric specification, we obtain novel analytical sector-level solutions to a forward-looking New Keynesian model with asymmetric input-output linkages.

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  • Ghassibe, Mishel, 2021. "Monetary policy and production networks: an empirical investigation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 21-39.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:moneco:v:119:y:2021:i:c:p:21-39
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2021.02.002
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    2. Flaccadoro, Marco, 2024. "Exchange rate pass-through in small, open, commodity-exporting economies: Lessons from Canada," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    3. Qi, Tong & Ying, Jiezhou, 2025. "U.S. monetary policy and portfolio spillover effects: The role of global production network," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    4. Ferrante, Francesco & Graves, Sebastian & Iacoviello, Matteo, 2023. "The inflationary effects of sectoral reallocation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(S), pages 64-81.
    5. Afonso S. Moura & Gergely Buda & Vasco M. Carvalho & Giancarlo Corsetti & João B. Duarte & Stephen Hansen & Álvaro Ortiz & Tomasa Rodrigo & José V. Rodríguez Mora & Guilherme Alves da Silva, 2025. "The Short Lags of Monetary Policy," Working Papers w202501, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    6. Almut Balleer & Marvin Noeller, 2023. "Monetary Policy in the Presence of Supply Constraints: Evidence from German Firm-Level Data," CESifo Working Paper Series 10261, CESifo.
    7. Petre Caraiani, 2023. "Monetary Policy Shocks and Input–Output Characteristics of Production Networks," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-13, March.
    8. Alvaro Ortiz & Tomasa Rodrigo & David Sarasa & Sirenia Vazquez, 2025. "What Can 240,000 New Credit Transactions Tell Us About the Impact of NGEU Funds?," Papers 2504.01964, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2025.
    9. Hummaira Jabeen, 2022. "Monetary Policy Shock Transmission in Emerging Markets," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 379-390, December.
    10. Laumer, Sebastian & Schaffer, Matthew, 2025. "Monetary policy transmission under supply chain pressure," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    11. Brancaccio, Emiliano & Giammetti, Raffaele & Lopreite, Milena & Puliga, Michelangelo, 2019. "Monetary policy, crisis and capital centralization in corporate ownership and control networks: A B-Var analysis," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 55-66.
    12. Jennifer La'O & Alireza Tahbaz‐Salehi, 2022. "Optimal Monetary Policy in Production Networks," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 90(3), pages 1295-1336, May.
    13. Uluc Aysun & Zeynep Yom, 2025. "Technology creation, business cycles and monetary transmission," Villanova School of Business Department of Economics and Statistics Working Paper Series 61, Villanova School of Business Department of Economics and Statistics.
    14. Mihaela Simionescu & Nicolas Schneider, 2023. "Monetary shocks and production network in the G7 countries," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 12(1), pages 1-32, December.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Production networks; Monetary policy shocks;

    JEL classification:

    • C67 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Input-Output Models
    • E23 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Production
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy

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