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Diet, Microbes, and Cancer Across the Tree of Life: a Systematic Review

  • Cancer (RA Murphy, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cancers are a leading cause of death in humans and for many other species. Diet has often been associated with cancers, and the microbiome is an essential mediator between diet and cancers. Here, we review the work on cancer and the microbiome across species to search for broad patterns of susceptibility associated with different microbial species.

Recent Findings

Some microbes, such as Helicobacter bacteria, papillomaviruses, and the carnivore-associated Fusobacteria, consistently induce tumorigenesis in humans and other species. Other microbes, such as the milk-associated Lactobacillus, consistently inhibit tumorigenesis in humans and other species.

Summary

We systematically reviewed over a thousand published articles and identified links between diet, microbes, and cancers in several species of mammals, birds, and flies. Future work should examine a larger variety of host species to discover new model organisms for human preclinical trials, to better understand the observed variance in cancer prevalence across species, and to discover which microbes and diets are associated with cancers across species. Ultimately, this could help identify microbial and dietary interventions to diagnose, prevent, and treat cancers in humans as well as other animals.

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Data Availability

We provide all data in the supplementary table.

Disclaimer

The findings, opinions, and recommendations expressed here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the universities where the research was performed or the National Institutes of Health.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to declare that a preprint of this article is available on Research Square [235].

Funding

This work was supported in part by NIH grants U54 CA217376, U2C CA233254, P01 CA91955, and R01 CA140657 as well as CDMRP Breast Cancer Research Program Award BC132057 and the Arizona Biomedical Research Commission grant ADHS18-198847.

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Author notes

  1. Gissel Marquez Alcaraz and Stefania E. Kapsetaki share the first authorship.

  2. Corrie M. Whisner and Athena Aktipis share the senior authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    Stefania E. Kapsetaki, Gissel Marquez Alcaraz, Carlo C. Maley & Athena Aktipis

  2. Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

    Stefania E. Kapsetaki, Gissel Marquez Alcaraz & Carlo C. Maley

  3. College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Corrie M. Whisner

  4. Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    Corrie M. Whisner

  5. Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    Athena Aktipis

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  1. Stefania E. Kapsetaki
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  2. Gissel Marquez Alcaraz
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Contributions

A.A. conceived the idea for this review. S.E.K. and G.M.A designed, structured, and gathered the data for the systematic review and wrote the first draft. C.C.M., C.M.W., and A.A. provided guidance during the project. All authors discussed and contributed to the final versions of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Stefania E. Kapsetaki.

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Kapsetaki, S.E., Marquez Alcaraz, G., Maley, C.C. et al. Diet, Microbes, and Cancer Across the Tree of Life: a Systematic Review. Curr Nutr Rep 11, 508–525 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-022-00420-5

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