Workplace exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian men

doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0088-1

. 2016 Jan 14:15:4.

doi: 10.1186/s12940-016-0088-1.

Workplace exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian men

Linda Kachuri^{1

2

3}, Paul J Villeneuve^{4

5

6}, Marie-Élise Parent⁷, Kenneth C Johnson⁸; Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group; Shelley A Harris^{9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3 M7, Canada. [email protected].
² Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 2 L3, Canada. [email protected].
³ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2 L7, Canada. [email protected].
⁴ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3 M7, Canada. [email protected].
⁵ Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 2 L3, Canada. [email protected].
⁶ CHAIM Research Centre, Carleton University, 5435 Herzberg Laboratories, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada. [email protected].
⁷ INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Édifice 12, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada. [email protected].
⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8 M5, Canada. [email protected].
⁹ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3 M7, Canada. [email protected].
¹⁰ Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 2 L3, Canada. [email protected].
¹¹ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2 L7, Canada. [email protected].

PMID: 26762540
PMCID: PMC4712563
DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0088-1

Workplace exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian men

Linda Kachuri et al. Environ Health. 2016.

. 2016 Jan 14:15:4.

doi: 10.1186/s12940-016-0088-1.

Authors

Linda Kachuri^{1

2

3}, Paul J Villeneuve^{4

5

6}, Marie-Élise Parent⁷, Kenneth C Johnson⁸; Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group; Shelley A Harris^{9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3 M7, Canada. [email protected].
² Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 2 L3, Canada. [email protected].
³ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2 L7, Canada. [email protected].
⁴ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3 M7, Canada. [email protected].
⁵ Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 2 L3, Canada. [email protected].
⁶ CHAIM Research Centre, Carleton University, 5435 Herzberg Laboratories, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada. [email protected].
⁷ INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Édifice 12, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada. [email protected].
⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8 M5, Canada. [email protected].
⁹ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3 M7, Canada. [email protected].
¹⁰ Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 2 L3, Canada. [email protected].
¹¹ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2 L7, Canada. [email protected].

PMID: 26762540
PMCID: PMC4712563
DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0088-1

Abstract

Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified diesel exhaust as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and gasoline exhaust as a possible carcinogen (Group 2B) based studies of lung cancer, however the evidence for other sites is limited. We addressed this question by investigating exposure to diesel and gasoline emissions with respect to risk of colorectal cancer in men.

Methods: We used data from a population-based case-control study with incident cases of colon (n = 931) and rectal (n = 840) cancer and 1360 controls from 7 Canadian provinces conducted in 1994-1997. Lifetime occupational history and information on other risk factors was collected. Occupational hygienists, blinded to case-control status, assigned exposures to each job for 3 dimensions: concentration, frequency, and reliability. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, province, use of proxy respondents, smoking, body-mass index, physical activity, intake of alcohol, processed meats, and occupational exposure to asbestos and aromatic amines.

Results: Among CRC cases, 638 (36 %) were exposed to diesel and 814 (46 %) were exposed to gasoline emissions. Relative to the unexposed, elevated risks were observed among subjects ever exposed to high concentration levels of diesel emissions for colorectal cancer (OR = 1.65, 95 % CI = 0.98-2.80) and rectal cancer (OR = 1.98, 95 % CI = 1.09-3.60), but not colon cancer. Prolonged (>10 years) exposure at high concentrations was also associated with high risks of rectal cancer (OR = 2.33 95 % CI = 0.94-5.78; p-trend = 0.02). No statistically significant associations were observed for gasoline emissions.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sustained high-level exposure diesel emissions may increase the risk of rectal cancer.

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References

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1. Peters CE, Ge CB, Hall AL, Davies HW, Demers PA. CAREX Canada: an enhanced model for assessing occupational carcinogen exposure. Occup Environ Med. 2014. doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102286. - PMC - PubMed
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[1] Canada C. Diesel engine exhaust. 2014.

[2] Canada C. Diesel engine exhaust. 2014.

[3] Peters CE, Ge CB, Hall AL, Davies HW, Demers PA. CAREX Canada: an enhanced model for assessing occupational carcinogen exposure. Occup Environ Med. 2014. doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102286. - PMC - PubMed

[4] Peters CE, Ge CB, Hall AL, Davies HW, Demers PA. CAREX Canada: an enhanced model for assessing occupational carcinogen exposure. Occup Environ Med. 2014. doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102286. - PMC - PubMed

[5] International Agency for Research on Cancer. Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. Lyon, France:IARC;2012.

[6] International Agency for Research on Cancer. Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. Lyon, France:IARC;2012.

[7] Ris CUS. EPA health assessment for diesel engine exhaust: a review. Inhal Toxicol. 2007;19(Suppl 1):229–39. doi: 10.1080/08958370701497960. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Ris CUS. EPA health assessment for diesel engine exhaust: a review. Inhal Toxicol. 2007;19(Suppl 1):229–39. doi: 10.1080/08958370701497960. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Gupta T, Kothari A, Srivastava DK, Agarwal AK. Measurement of number and size distribution of particles emitted from a mid-sized transportation multipoint port fuel injection gasoline engine. Fuel. 2010;89(9):2230–3. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.12.014. - DOI

[10] Gupta T, Kothari A, Srivastava DK, Agarwal AK. Measurement of number and size distribution of particles emitted from a mid-sized transportation multipoint port fuel injection gasoline engine. Fuel. 2010;89(9):2230–3. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.12.014. - DOI

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Workplace exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian men

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Workplace exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian men

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