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    Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures

    Introduction Over the last several decades, governments have collectively pledged to slow global warming. But despite intensified diplomacy, the world is already facing the consequences of climate…

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Kat Duffy

Senior Fellow for Digital and Cyberspace Policy

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Digital and Cyberspace Policy Program

Demystifying Artificial Intelligence

December 2, 2024
A robotic dog is shown at the Responsible Artificial Intelligence in the Military (REAIM) summit, on responsible use of military artificial intelligence

Digital and Cyberspace Policy Program

Understanding the Information Environment of the 2024 Election

December 2, 2024
A person votes in the 2024 U.S. presidential election on Election Day at Pasteur Elementary School in Detroit, Michigan, U.S.

Digital and Cyberspace Policy Program and RealEcon and Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies

To Drive National Security, Secure Supply Chains and Personal Data

December 17, 2024
Employees works at the assembly line of Zoox, a self-driving vehicle owned by Amazon, at the company's factory in Fremont, California on July 19, 2022

Digital and Cyberspace Policy Program and RealEcon and Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies

In the Age of AI, Personal Data Security Is National Security

January 14, 2025
WUHU, CHINA - AUGUST 11: Chery Automobile Co. vehicles wait for shipment at a port on August 11, 2023 in Wuhu, Anhui Province of China.

Election 2024 Events

CFR-Georgia Tech Election 2024 U.S. Foreign Policy Public Forum

October 23, 2024
Georgia Institute of Technology logo on the side of a building on campus.

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Media Bio

For media inquiries, please contact [email protected].

Research Associate

Arielle Geismar
Expertise
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Corporate Governance
  • Digital Policy
  • Technology and Innovation
  • Censorship and Freedom of Expression
  • Civil Society
  • Democracy
Programs
  • Digital and Cyberspace Policy Program

Expert Bio

Kat Duffy is a senior fellow for digital and cyberspace policy at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). Duffy has more than two decades of experience operating at the nexus of emerging technology, democratic principles, corporate responsibility, and human rights. Most recently, she directed the Task Force for a Trustworthy Future Web at the Atlantic Council’s Digital Forensic Research Lab, where she served as a resident senior fellow and published the Task Force’s comprehensive report, Scaling Trust on the Web.  

As the founder and CEO of RightsDuff Strategies, she has advised companies, governments, and nongovernmental organizations on building socially responsible business practices within the technology sector, developing strategies to align emerging technologies with democratic norms and human rights, and establishing best practices for civil society engagement in the technology and human rights space.

Through her previous work at the U.S. Department of State and in the nonprofit sector, Duffy oversaw the implementation of more than $100 million in foreign assistance and philanthropy designed to support democracy, rights, and governance initiatives across the globe, with a particular focus on digital rights, digital safety, and technology platform social accountability. Her work included some of the first public-private partnerships between high-risk civil society actors in emerging markets and private cybersecurity firms. Duffy began her international career in Colombia, where she served as a junior professional officer with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 

Duffy served for five years on the board of the Global Network Initiative, a platform that helps technology companies respect freedom of expression and privacy rights when faced with government pressure to hand over user data, remove content, or restrict communications. She has also served on the board of directors for Atlas Corps, a global exchange organization, and was a founding member of Atlas Corp’s advisory board.  Duffy was named an expert advisor for the World Economic Forum’s Partnering with Civil Society in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Initiative and has lectured at Yale, Stanford, and Georgetown Universities on technology policy and innovation.

Duffy received her BA from Yale University and her JD from the University of Michigan, where she was a Darrow Scholar and Bates Fellow. She has lived and worked in Colombia, Cuba, South Africa, and Tunisia, and is fluent in Spanish. 

Media Inquiries

For media inquiries, please contact [email protected].

Digital and Cyberspace Update

Digital and Cyberspace Policy program updates on cybersecurity, digital trade, internet governance, and online privacy. Bimonthly.
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  • United States

    The Opportunities and Risks Inherent to Trump's AI Action Plan

    The Trump administration released its AI action plan on July 23 to coincide with its ‘Winning the AI Race’ summit in Washington. CFR convened seven of its experts to examine the plan and detail the opportunities and risks they foresee. 

    by Sebastian Mallaby, Jessica Brandt, Michael C. Horowitz, Kat Duffy, Erin D. Dumbacher, Rush Doshi and Jonathan E. Hillman July 24, 2025

  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    Trump’s 'Big, Beautiful' Blunder on AI: Starving Science Link

    with Kat Duffy via Tech Policy Press May 30, 2025

  • Kat Duffy

    Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    Why Doesn't Nvidia Have More Competition? Link

    Featuring Kat Duffy via Marketplace May 28, 2025

  • United States

    Transition 2025 Series: National Security in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

    Play
    Panelists discuss how artificial intelligence is reshaping the national security landscape and how government and technology leaders can respond to emerging threats, protect critical systems, and manage global competition. This meeting is part of CFR’s Transition 2025 series, which examines the major foreign policy issues confronting the Trump administration. This is a virtual meeting through Zoom. Log-in information and instructions on how to participate during the question and answer portion will be provided the evening before the event to those who register. Please note the audio, video, and transcript of this meeting will be posted on the CFR website.

    Virtual Event with Jack Clark, Will Hurd, Adam Segal and Kat Duffy May 12, 2025 Digital and Cyberspace Policy Program

  • Technology and Innovation

    Frontier Tech and the Geopolitical Future

    Podcast
    In this episode of The Interconnect, Stanford’s Amy Zegart and Herb Lin join the Council on Foreign Relations’ Adam Segal and Kat Duffy in a discussion about some of the most critical actors that influence the evolution of emerging technologies, the relative advantages of democracies and autocracies in developing frontier tech, and the central importance of talent and public and private investment in driving America's innovation ecosystem.

    Podcast with Martin Giles, Kat Duffy, Adam Segal, Amy Zegart and Herb Lin April 10, 2025 The Interconnect

  • United States

    Young Professionals Briefing: Youth Social Media Engagement and Views on Foreign Policy

    Play
    Panelists discuss media consumption and views on foreign policy among youth in the United States and globally. The CFR Young Professionals Briefing Series provides an opportunity for those early in their careers to engage with CFR. The briefings feature remarks by experts on critical global issues and lessons learned in their careers. These events are intended for individuals who have completed their undergraduate studies and have not yet reached the age of thirty to be eligible to apply for CFR term membership. We are pleased to extend this invitation to you through the recommendation of a CFR member. If you no longer wish to receive these invitations, please let us know by replying to this email. If you wish to attend virtually, log-in information and instructions on how to participate during the question and answer portion will be provided the evening before the event to those who register. Please note the audio, video, and transcript of this hybrid meeting will be posted on the CFR website.

    Virtual Event with Elise Labott, Andreas Sandre and Kat Duffy March 17, 2025

  • United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

    E Pluribus Chaos Link

    with Kat Duffy via Ctrl-Alt-Speech March 6, 2025

  • United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

    America’s Global Presence Isn’t ‘Soft Power.’ It’s a Superpower. Link

    with Kat Duffy via Foreign Policy February 25, 2025

  • Kat Duffy

    RealEcon

    America’s Global Presence Isn’t ‘Soft Power.’ It’s a Superpower. Link

    Featuring Kat Duffy via Foreign Policy February 25, 2025

  • Technology and Innovation

    Why the TikTok Ban Harms U.S. Interests at Home and Abroad

    U.S. government officials should quickly declassify information about the national security threat posed by Chinese-owned TikTok or risk huge public backlash and a global loss of stature as a free speech champion.

    by Kat Duffy January 17, 2025 Digital and Cyberspace Policy Program

  • Cybersecurity

    Cyber Week in Review: December 20, 2024

    U.S. Supreme Court takes TikTok case; House AI Task Force releases report; Namibian telecom hacked; Arm and Qualcomm escalate chip licensing dispute; OMB releases AI use case inventories.

    by Kat Duffy, Kyle Fendorf and Zoë Moore December 20, 2024 Net Politics

  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    Cyber Week in Review: December 13, 2024

    CSRB hosts meeting on Salt Typhoon hack; Russia disconnects from internet in test; China will probe Nvidia after U.S. export controls; Romanian Supreme Court annuls election; Australia to tax social media platforms.

    by Kat Duffy, Kyle Fendorf, Zoë Moore and Maya Schmidt December 13, 2024 Net Politics

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More CFR Experts

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  • Jessica Brandt

    Senior Fellow for Technology and National Security
  • Gina M. Raimondo

    Distinguished Fellow
  • Sebastian Mallaby

    Paul A. Volcker Senior Fellow for International Economics

Explore More on Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

How Artificial Intelligence Could Change the World

Play
Artificial Intelligence (AI) could transform economies, politics, and everyday life. Some experts believe this increasingly powerful technology could lead to amazing advances and prosperity. Yet, many tech and industry leaders are warning that AI poses substantial risks, and they are calling for a moratorium on AI research so that safety measures can be established. But amid mounting great-power competition, it’s unclear whether national governments will be able to coordinate on regulating this technology that offers so many economic and strategic opportunities.

Explainer Video with Noah Berman, James Long and Thamine Nayeem May 25, 2023

Women and Women's Rights

Artificial Intelligence Enters the Political Arena

Politics is one of the latest industries shaken up by AI, the use of artificially generated content in campaigns could spell trouble for candidates and voters alike in the fight against mis- and disinformation.    

by Catherine Powell and Alexandra Dent May 24, 2023 Women Around the World

Technology and Innovation

Artificial Intelligence Enters the Political Arena

Politics is one of the latest industries shaken up by AI, the use of artificially generated content in campaigns could spell trouble for candidates and voters alike in the fight against mis- and disinformation.    

by Catherine Powell and Alexandra Dent May 24, 2023 Net Politics

Top Stories on CFR

RealEcon

An Alternative Tariff Strategy for the Trump Administration

As the tariff pause ends, the Trump administration should pivot to a more targeted and strategic policy that minimizes domestic harm.

by Roger W. Ferguson Jr. and Maximilian Hippold July 23, 2025 RealEcon

Daily News Brief

Cambodia and Thailand Discuss Truce

Welcome to the Daily News Brief, CFR’s flagship morning newsletter summarizing the top global news and analysis of the day.  Subscribe to the Daily News Brief to receive it every weekday morning. Top of the Agenda Cambodian and Thai military commanders met today to shore up a truce after their worst outbreak of violence in more than a decade. They committed to not targeting civilians or sending more troops to the border, a Thai army spokesperson said, while the director of Cambodia’s lower legislative house said that “armed clashes” between the countries would end. After threatening to call off trade talks with both countries due to the fighting, U.S. President Donald Trump said yesterday they would resume in light of the ceasefire. A fragile truce.  Hours before the bilateral talks, Thailand accused Cambodia of violating the truce that began at midnight local time. Cambodia’s defense ministry denied there were clashes. Thailand at first rejected outside mediation, but changed its position after Trump said he would call off tariff talks. China, Myanmar, and the United States stepped in to mediate. Both Cambodia and Thailand face a potential 36 percent tariff from the United States—the top destination for their exports—beginning August 1. The sides plan to hold another bilateral security meeting on August 4. The context. Cambodia and Thailand’s border dispute goes back decades. But in recent months a close relationship between Cambodia’s Hun Sen and Thailand’s former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra—powerful politicians who had helped maintain peace—broke down. Hun Sen last month posted a recording of a call with Thaksin’s daughter, who had been serving as prime minister, to social media; controversy over its contents led to her suspension.  After weeks of rising tensions, border violence last week quickly escalated into artillery fire and airstrikes. By the time the truce was agreed, at least forty-three people had been killed and more than three hundred thousand had been displaced. “The border conflict is driving a sizable cleavage between two countries that have in the past decade built strong bilateral relations, is threatening all of mainland Southeast Asia’s economic ties—and has the potential to bring more political chaos to Thailand, which has been roiled by political instability for two decades.” —CFR expert Joshua Kurlantzick, Asia Unbound Across the Globe New deadline for Putin. Trump said yesterday that Russia had about ten to twelve days to reach a truce with Ukraine and avoid new economic penalties—significantly shortening his earlier deadline. Russia had rejected a truce proposal after previous urging by Trump; the Kremlin “took note” of Trump’s new ultimatum, a spokesperson said today. Meanwhile, as the war continues, Russia’s national airline said yesterday it cancelled dozens of flights after a cyberattack. A pro-Ukrainian group claimed responsibility. Reported ban on Lai’s travel. The Trump administration declined to allow Taiwanese President Lai Ching-te to stop in New York on a proposed trip to Central America next month, three unnamed sources told the Financial Times. Such stopovers had previously been allowed, with Lai’s predecessor conducting one during the Biden administration. Taiwan’s foreign ministry denied today that the United States had obstructed Lai’s visit. The report comes as the United States holds trade talks with China. Trump on Gaza hunger. Trump said yesterday that there is “real starvation” in Gaza, contradicting Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s claim Sunday that there was “no starvation” in the territory. Trump said Washington would work with European countries to increase aid delivery, including through “food centers.” The Trump administration has previously approved funding for an aid group in Gaza, but Israeli forces have been accused of killing hundreds of Palestinians at its aid distribution points. Landmark Colombian trial. A court found former conservative president Álvaro Uribe guilty of bribery in a case regarding tampering with witness testimony. He was accused of trying to bribe a former paramilitary to withdraw testimony that Uribe funded a paramilitary group in the 1990s. Uribe ruled Colombia from 2002 to 2010 and was close to Washington while in office. He is the country’s first ex-president to be criminally convicted at trial. Yesterday, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said that “the weaponization of Colombia’s judicial branch by radical judges has now set a worrisome precedent.”  U.S.-Argentina travel thaw. Officials from the two countries signed a statement of intent for Argentina to join a program for visa-free business and tourism travel to the United States. Finalizing the policy is expected to take up to three years. U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem said Argentina was strengthening its friendship with the United States under the Javier Milei administration and had the lowest visa overstay rate of all Latin American countries. China’s baby stipend. China launched a childcare subsidy policy that will pay parents the equivalent of around $500 per year for each child under the age of three, state news agency Xinhua said. Parents can claim partial payments for children born beginning in 2022 and full payments for children born after January 2025. The policy is meant to bolster the birth rate and stimulate the economy; China’s population has now shrunk for three years in a row. Indian operation in Pakistan. Indian security forces killed three people yesterday who they said were involved in the April attack on tourists in India-administered Kashmir, the country’s Home Minister Amir Shah said today. He said the Pakistanis were killed in a gun battle and that forensic tests found their rifles were used in the Kashmir attack. Pakistan’s foreign ministry did not immediately comment. It has denied claims by New Delhi that Islamabad was connected to the attacks.  Pyongyang’s stance on diplomacy. Kim Yo Jong, the powerful sister of North Korean leader Kim Jon Un, said yesterday that efforts by South Korea’s new liberal government to improve ties were “sincere” but that there was no reason for the countries to meet. Today, she said that relations with Trump were “not bad” but that Washington should drop a demand that Pyongyang denuclearize. What’s Next Today, the International Monetary Fund releases an update to its World Economic Outlook. Today, King Abdullah of Jordan visits Berlin. Tomorrow, the U.S. Federal Reserve is expected to announce its latest interest rate decision in Washington, D.C.

by CFR Editors July 29, 2025

Germany

Donald Trump’s Russia Ultimatum, With Liana Fix

Podcast
Liana Fix, Fellow for Europe at the Council, sits down with James M. Lindsay to discuss the current status of the fighting in Ukraine and the significance of President Trump’s recent ultimatum to Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Podcast with James M. Lindsay and Liana Fix July 29, 2025 The President’s Inbox

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