Large seasonal temperature variability exacerbated the negative effects of reduced carbonate saturation on coral calcification during the mid-Miocene, suggesting limited potential for extra-tropical seasonal environments to serve as climate refugia for tropical reefs. This is demonstrated by geochemical and skeletal density data from fossil Porites corals.

Debris-flow surges can form from the spontaneous growth of small surface instabilities into large waves that amplify flow destructiveness, according to high-resolution in situ measurements combined with a friction inversion and numerical simulations.

Restrictions of atmospheric aerosol and precursor emissions in East Asia have contributed to the observed global surface warming acceleration since 2010, according to Earth System Model simulations isolating regional changes.

Atmospheric wet deposition of aerosolized sea-spray is the source of perfluoroalkyl acid in Antarctica and marine and atmospheric circulation encapsulate these forever chemicals in the region, according to an analysis of seawater samples in the west Antarctic Peninsula.

The spread of Antarctic meltwater limits abyssal circulation depending on input rate, duration, and location, according to an analysis of Earth System Model simulations over Antarctica.

Volcanism on the South American plate associated with the Rio Grande Rise ended around 52 million years ago when the Mid-Atlantic Ridge moved away from the Tristan-Gough plume, according to an interpretation of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages from Atlantic dredge samples

Anthropogenic aerosols can intensify the North Pacific anticyclone, enhancing heat transport and sea ice loss in the Arctic Sea, according to analysis of historical climate data combined with earth system modelling of ice and atmosphere dynamics

A major geochemical change that occurred 3.9 billion years ago, was probably related to a transition from impact-dominated to internal-heating-dominated thermal regimes on Earth, according to analysis of isotopic and geochemical data from dated detrital zircon crystals in the Jack Hills, Western Australia

Certain shorelines can be modeled with prediction accuracies comparable to satellite observations, according to benchmarking results using satellite-derived shoreline datasets for model calibration and evaluation.

Compound temperature-humidity extremes represent a growing risk across 136 cities in China, with wet-hot days accounting for 36 percent of all hot days, while dry-hot days are rare, according to an analysis that combined urban, climate, and land use data.

Much of the public discourse around climate changes under net zero carbon dioxide emissions has been focused on global mean temperature changes after emissions cessation. More attention needs to be paid to the long-term impacts of climate change, which are likely to persist even if rapid decarbonization is achieved.

Phytochemist Dervilla Donnelly was the first woman to receive the Royal Irish Academy’s highest honor, the Cunningham Medal. As a leader in science and policy, she promoted international collaboration in chemistry and biology.

The idea of planting trees to sequester carbon is so popular that it seems to make people feel more negative towards other techniques, when presented with a range of options for carbon removal. Such a bias could hamper development of a broad and socially-robust portfolio of carbon removal options.

As demand for flights increases, the global aviation industry must transform to become more sustainable. Here we propose six pathways to set aviation on a path to a greener future that include innovations in aviation fuel, management, and regulations.

Arctic food systems blend Traditional Ecological Knowledge with modern, often energy-intensive influences, triggered by colonization. Food systems’ future depends on alignment of tradition with innovation – at a pace determined by local communities.

Climate change has negatively impacted grassland productivity in Africa. Climate-smart technologies such as forage grass, legume, and herb mixtures could enhance grassland productivity and resilience, offering a sustainable solution for African pasture-based livestock systems.