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Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Tuberculosis

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HIV and Tuberculosis

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Abstract

Of the estimated 1.2 million tuberculosis (TB) cases among people living with HIV (PLHIV), less than half are diagnosed and reported to health authorities. This is a key reason why TB remains the leading cause of death among PLHIV. Systematic screening approaches coupled with improved diagnostics are critical to reducing the gap and have begun to emerge over recent years. This chapter reviews current approaches to screening for and diagnosing HIV-associated TB, including drug-resistant TB, in adults. The chapter is organized into three parts: Part I provides an overview of World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended tools to facilitate TB screening and diagnosis among PLHIV, Part II provides a selective overview of tools and tests currently in the later stages of the TB diagnostic pipeline and Part III provides a clinically-oriented, step-wise approach for diagnosing TB in PLHIV in resource-limited settings.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Andrew D. Kerkhoff

  2. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Adithya Cattamanchi

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  1. Andrew D. Kerkhoff
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  2. Adithya Cattamanchi
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Correspondence to Andrew D. Kerkhoff .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Irini Sereti

  2. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Gregory P. Bisson

  3. Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Graeme Meintjes

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Kerkhoff, A.D., Cattamanchi, A. (2019). Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Tuberculosis. In: Sereti, I., Bisson, G.P., Meintjes, G. (eds) HIV and Tuberculosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29108-2_7

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