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Recent Advances in the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Adults Living with HIV Infection

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Abstract

In this chapter, we review evidence supporting the tuberculosis (TB) disease spectrum, rather than dichotomous categories of latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active disease, as TB pathophysiology is important when considering TB prevention and treatment. We also describe the impact of immunocompromising conditions, specifically human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, along the TB disease spectrum. We review the indications for treatment of LTBI among people living with HIV (PLWH) and the evidence behind the LTBI treatment regimens currently recommended by the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lastly, we discuss the importance of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in addition to anti-mycobacterial therapy for the prevention of TB among PLWH, as well as the drug-drug interactions with concomitant antiretroviral therapy and LTBI treatment.

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Acknowledgements

No additional assistance outside the efforts of the authors was contributed for this article. Sources of funding include the National Institutes of Health (P30 AI110527). Both authors report no conflicts of interest with respect to this work.

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  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    April C. Pettit & Timothy R. Sterling

  2. Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    April C. Pettit & Timothy R. Sterling

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  1. April C. Pettit
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  2. Timothy R. Sterling
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Correspondence to April C. Pettit .

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  1. National Institute of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Irini Sereti

  2. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Gregory P. Bisson

  3. Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Graeme Meintjes

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Pettit, A.C., Sterling, T.R. (2019). Recent Advances in the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Adults Living with HIV Infection. In: Sereti, I., Bisson, G.P., Meintjes, G. (eds) HIV and Tuberculosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29108-2_8

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