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Malattia di Alzheimer

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La riabilitazione neuropsicologica

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Riassunto

La malattia di Alzheimer (Alzheimer Disease, AD) costituisce la più comune causa di demenza nella popolazione anziana a livello mondiale. È una malattia degenerativa del cervello, dovuta al progressivo depauperamento neuronale associato alla degenerazione neurofibrillare e alla formazione di placche senili [1]. In attesa dei nuovi criteri diagnostici, in corso di definizione, la diagnosi è ancora basata sui criteri clinici proposti nel 1984 [2], che richiedono la presenza di deficit di memoria episodica e di almeno un’altra funzione cognitiva, associati a una perdita di funzionalità nella vita quotidiana. Simili sono i criteri del DSM IV [3]. L’imponente mole di ricerca in questo campo che ha caratterizzato l’ultimo ventennio si è diretta in particolare verso la definizione di fasi precoci della malattia, attraverso lo sviluppo del concetto di deficit cognitivo lieve (Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI) [4] e, recentemente, la proposta di criteri di ricerca per la diagnosi di Alzheimer incipiente [5]. Nella progressione della malattia, i deficit cognitivi si associano a disturbi psicologici e comportamentali, che costituiscono un importante determinante di disabilità e carico per i familiari [6].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Università “Vita-Salute” e Divisione di Neuroscienze, Milano, Italia

    Stefano F. Cappa

  2. IRCCS Santa Maria Nascente, Neurologia Riabilitativa, Servizio per la Diagnosi e la Riabilitazione dei Disturbi Cognitivi Acquisiti, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milano, Italia

    Elisabetta Farina

  3. Ambulatorio di Neuropsicologia Clinica al Parco, Lugano, Svizzera, Italia

    Giuseppe Foderaro

  4. Servizio di Neuropsicologia Centro di Riabilitazione Extraospedaliera “Paolo VI”, Casalnoceto, Alessandria, Italia

    Giuseppe Foderaro

Authors
  1. Stefano F. Cappa
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  2. Elisabetta Farina
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  3. Giuseppe Foderaro
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefano F. Cappa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italia

    Giuseppe Vallar

  2. Laboratorio di Neuropsicologia, IRCCS — Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Roma, Italia

    Giuseppe Vallar

  3. Fisiatra e Neurologo, Docente a Contratto presso le Università degli Studi di Ferrara e Padova, Presidente del Gruppo Interprofessionale di Riabilitazione in Neuropsicologia (GIRN), Italia

    Anna Cantagallo

  4. Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Università “Vita-Salute” e Divisione di Neuroscienze, Milano, Italia

    Stefano F. Cappa

  5. Fondazione Santa Lucia — IRCCS, Roma, Italia

    Pierluigi Zoccolotti

  6. Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italia

    Pierluigi Zoccolotti

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Cappa, S.F., Farina, E., Foderaro, G. (2012). Malattia di Alzheimer. In: Vallar, G., Cantagallo, A., Cappa, S.F., Zoccolotti, P. (eds) La riabilitazione neuropsicologica. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2349-9_14

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