Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: GPRC5A
Cytogenetic location: 12p13.1 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38) : 12:12,891,562-12,917,937 (from NCBI)
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a large superfamily of proteins that transmit signals from extracellular messenger molecules and sensory stimuli to intracellular signaling pathways. GPRC5A belongs to the glutamate receptor subfamily of GPCRs (Bjarnadottir et al., 2005).
Using differential display to identify genes induced by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in T84 human colon carcinoma cells, Cafferata et al. (1996) obtained a cDNA fragment corresponding to GPRC5A. Northern blot analysis detected a 2.2-kb transcript in TPA-treated T84 cells.
Retinoids affect many fundamental cellular processes, including embryogenesis, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and they exert significant preventive and therapeutic effects against human cancer. Using differential display to identify retinoic acid-regulated genes from a human oral squamous carcinoma cell line, Cheng and Lotan (1998) isolated a cDNA corresponding to a novel retinoic acid-induced gene, which they named RAIG1. RAIG1 expression was induced by all-trans-retinoic acid rapidly and in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of RAIG1 mRNA in different cancer cells varied greatly, with no correlation between the expression levels and the type of cancer cells. RAIG1 was expressed in several normal human tissues, with highest expression levels in fetal and adult lung. Northern blot analysis detected RAIG1 transcripts of 2.4 and 6.8 kb; the authors stated that these likely result from the alternative use of different polyadenylation sites. RAIG1 encodes a deduced 357-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 40,256 Da. It contains 7 predicted transmembrane domains, which is a signature motif of the GPCR superfamily, and a potential N-linked glycosylation site.
Bjarnadottir et al. (2005) determined that the GPRC5A gene contains 3 exons.
Using radiation hybrid and YAC contig mapping, Cheng and Lotan (1998) localized the GPRC5A gene to chromosome 12p13-p12.3, between markers D12S358 and D12S847.
By genomic sequence analysis, Bjarnadottir et al. (2005) mapped the GPRC5A gene to chromosome 12p13.1. They mapped the mouse Gprc5a gene to chromosome 6.
Bjarnadottir, T. K., Fredriksson, R., Schioth, H. B. The gene repertoire and the common evolutionary history of glutamate, pheromone (V2R), taste(1) and other related G protein-coupled receptors. Gene 362: 70-84, 2005. [PubMed: 16229975] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.07.029]
Cafferata, E. G., Gonzalez-Guerrico, A. M., Pivetta, O. H., Santa-Coloma, T. A. Identification by differential display of a mRNA specifically induced by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in T84 human colon carcinoma cells. Cell. Molec. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand) 42: 797-804, 1996. [PubMed: 8832110]
Cheng, Y., Lotan, R. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel retinoic acid-inducible gene that encodes a putative G protein-coupled receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 35008-35015, 1998. [PubMed: 9857033] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.52.35008]