Anatomical and mechanical changes following repetitive eccentric exertions
- PMID: 15567535
- DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.09.002
Anatomical and mechanical changes following repetitive eccentric exertions
Abstract
Background: Submaximal eccentric exertions occur occupationally when rapidly rising tool-generated forces exceed the operator's capacity to react against them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short duration repetitive submaximal eccentric forearm exertions at levels comparable to industrial power hand tool use on dynamic mechanical properties (stiffness, effective mass and damping) and on forearm edema.
Methods: This study investigated changes following short term repetitive submaximal eccentric exertions comparable to occupational levels. Eight male participants exercised eccentrically for 30 min at 50% of isometric maximum voluntary contraction forearm supination in a posture and loading similar to power hand tool use in the workplace. Dynamic mechanical properties (stiffness, effective mass and damping) of the upper limb were measured before, immediately following, and daily for three days after the activity. An MRI scan to assess edema was also performed for five of the participants before, on day one and day three following the activity.
Findings: Mechanical stiffness decreased 51% (P < 0.05) and effective mass decreased 43% (P = 0.052) immediately following eccentric exercise. Average isometric strength also decreased 42% immediately following exercise (P < 0.01) and pain persisted for two days. The recovery of static strength however was not correlated with changes in mechanical stiffness (r = 0.56) or effective mass (r = 0.30). The exercised arms had a 360% increase (P < 0.01) in supinator-extensor T(2) relaxation time difference, a quantifiable measure of edema, one day after exercise while the non-exercised arms had no significant changes.
Interpretation: Changes in both T(2) relaxation time, indicative of edema, and forearm mechanical properties, were observed following short duration submaximal repetitive exercise. If similar changes in dynamic mechanical properties of the upper extremity occur following repetitive submaximal eccentric activity in the workplace, they could negatively impact the ability of the arm to react to rapid forceful loading during repetitive industrial work activities and increase mechanical loading of the upper limb.
Similar articles
-
Upper limb mechanical changes following short duration repetitive eccentric exertions.Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2004 Nov;19(9):921-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.06.005. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2004. PMID: 15475124 Clinical Trial.
-
Mechanical and magnetic resonance imaging changes following eccentric or concentric exertions.Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2008 Aug;23(7):961-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.03.068. Epub 2008 May 16. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2008. PMID: 18485551 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Prolonged mechanical and physiological changes in the upper extremity following short-term simulated power hand tool use.Ergonomics. 2009 Jan;52(1):15-24. doi: 10.1080/00140130802480877. Ergonomics. 2009. PMID: 19308816
-
Shift of peak torque angle after eccentric exercise.Int J Sports Med. 2008 Mar;29(3):251-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-965337. Epub 2007 Jul 5. Int J Sports Med. 2008. PMID: 17614030
-
[Eccentric muscle work--the unknown side of our movements].Ther Umsch. 2003 Jul;60(7):425-9. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930.60.7.425. Ther Umsch. 2003. PMID: 12956037 Review. German.
Cited by
-
Adenosine A(3) receptor stimulation induces protection of skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise-mediated injury.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Jul;299(1):R259-67. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00060.2010. Epub 2010 Apr 28. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010. PMID: 20427727 Free PMC article.
-
Minimal Evidence for a Secondary Loss of Strength After an Acute Muscle Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports Med. 2017 Jan;47(1):41-59. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0528-7. Sports Med. 2017. PMID: 27100114 Free PMC article.
-
Alterations in neuromuscular function and perceptual responses following acute eccentric cycling exercise.Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Dec;110(6):1225-33. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1619-z. Epub 2010 Aug 25. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010. PMID: 20737166 Clinical Trial.
-
The effect of lateral epicondylosis on upper limb mechanical parameters.Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2012 Feb;27(2):124-30. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2011.08.014. Epub 2011 Sep 19. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2012. PMID: 21937156 Free PMC article.
-
Non-uniform changes in magnetic resonance measurements of the semitendinosus muscle following intensive eccentric exercise.Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007 Dec;101(6):713-20. doi: 10.1007/s00421-007-0549-x. Epub 2007 Aug 28. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007. PMID: 17724609
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources