Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2011 Jun;3(6):637-82.
doi: 10.3390/nu3060637. Epub 2011 Jun 3.

Gut microbiota and inflammation

Affiliations
Review

Gut microbiota and inflammation

Asa Hakansson et al. Nutrients. 2011 Jun.

Abstract

Systemic and local inflammation in relation to the resident microbiota of the human gastro-intestinal (GI) tract and administration of probiotics are the main themes of the present review. The dominating taxa of the human GI tract and their potential for aggravating or suppressing inflammation are described. The review focuses on human trials with probiotics and does not include in vitro studies and animal experimental models. The applications of probiotics considered are systemic immune-modulation, the metabolic syndrome, liver injury, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and radiation-induced enteritis. When the major genomic differences between different types of probiotics are taken into account, it is to be expected that the human body can respond differently to the different species and strains of probiotics. This fact is often neglected in discussions of the outcome of clinical trials with probiotics.

Keywords: probiotics; gut microbiota; inflammation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Some examples of bacterial species that are likely to have positive effects on the ecology of the gastro-intestinal (GI) channel (certain strains successfully used as probiotics), and some other examples of species that can occasionally be found as significant parts of resident human microbiota, and are known to possess pathogenic potential (involvement in human infections). The aggressive potential of the adverse species can lead to a weakened barrier effect of the mucosa and leakage of bacterial components that end up in the liver, which will give an inflammatory response. Direct gene identification has shown that the examples of adverse bacteria described form a substantial part of the microbiota in the gastro-intestinal tract of individuals without diagnosed disease [43,45,47,49].

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Mölne J., Wold A. Inflammation. 1st. Liber AB; Stockholm, Sweden: 2007.
    1. Pepys M.B., Baltz M.L. Acute phase proteins with special reference to C-reactive and related proteins (pentaxins) and serum amyloid A protein. Adv. Immunol. 1983;34:141–212. - PubMed
    1. Ridker P.M. Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation. 2003;107:363–369. - PubMed
    1. Piéroni L., Bastard J.P., Piton A., Khalil L., Hainque B., Jardel C. Interpretation of circulating C-reactive protein levels in adults: Body mass index and gender are a must. Diabetes Metab. 2003;29:133–138. - PubMed
    1. Visser M., Bouter L.M., McQuillan G.M., Wener M.H., Harris T.B. Elevated C-reactive protein levels in overweight and obese adults. JAMA. 1999;282:2131–2135. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources