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Review
. 2012;32(1):23-63.
doi: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.v32.i1.30.

Role of interleukin 10 transcriptional regulation in inflammation and autoimmune disease

Shankar Subramanian Iyer  1 , Gehong Cheng
Affiliations
Review

Role of interleukin 10 transcriptional regulation in inflammation and autoimmune disease

Shankar Subramanian Iyer et al. Crit Rev Immunol. 2012.

Abstract

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory properties that plays a central role in limiting host immune response to pathogens, thereby preventing damage to the host and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of IL-10 is associated with enhanced immunopathology in response to infection as well as increased risk for development of many autoimmune diseases. Thus a fundamental understanding of IL-10 gene expression is critical for our comprehension of disease progression and resolution of host inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss modes of regulation of IL-10 gene expression in immune effector cell types, including signal transduction, epigenetics, promoter architecture, and post-transcriptional regulation, and how aberrant regulation contributes to immunopathology and disease progression.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1. Toll-like receptor induction of Interleukin 10
Macrophage cells induce IL-10 in response to TLR stimulation through MYD88 and TRIF dependent mechanisms. (A) TLR ligation through MYD88 adaptor activation directs a signaling cascade via p38 and ERK stimulation leading to the induciton of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-10. (B) Stimulation by by lipopolysaccharide through TLR4 induces transcription of Type I IFNs (IFNb/a). Subsequent autocrine/paracrine signaling via the Type I IFN Receptor (IFNaR) leads to induction of the IL-27p28 transcript of the IL-27 hetero-dimer (p28/EBI3). Finally, signaling via the hetero-dimeric IL-27 receptor (IL-27R/gp130) leads directly to IL-10 expression by activating transcription factors STAT1 and STAT3, which are mobilized to the IL-10 locus resulting in coordinate gene transcription
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