[Lafora disease: a review of the literature]
- PMID: 30638256
- PMCID: PMC6531605
[Lafora disease: a review of the literature]
Abstract
Introduction: Lafora disease is autosomal recessive progressive myoclonus epilepsy with late childhood-to teenage-onset caused by loss-of-function mutations in either EPM2A or EPM2B genes encoding laforin or malin, respectively.
Development: The main symptoms of Lafora disease, which worsen progressively, are: myoclonus, occipital seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, cognitive decline, neuropsychiatric syptoms and ataxia with a fatal outcome. Pathologically, Lafora disease is characterized by the presence of polyglucosans deposits (named Lafora bodies), in the brain, liver, muscle and sweat glands. Diagnosis of Lafora disease is made through clinical, electrophysiological, histological and genetic findings. Currently, there is no treatment to cure or prevent the development of the disease. Traditionally, antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of myoclonus and seizures. However, patients become drug-resistant after the initial stage.
Conclusions: Lafora disease is a rare pathology that has serious consequences for patients and their caregivers despite its low prevalence. Therefore, continuing research in order to clarify the underlying mechanisms and hopefully developing new palliative and curative treatments for the disease is necessary.
Title: Enfermedad de Lafora: revision de la bibliografia.
Introduccion. La enfermedad de Lafora es una forma de epilepsia mioclonica progresiva de herencia autosomica recesiva, de inicio en la infancia tardia o en la adolescencia, y producida por mutaciones de perdida de funcion en los genes EPM2A o EPM2B, los cuales codifican para las proteinas laforina y malina, respectivamente. Desarrollo. Los principales sintomas de la enfermedad, que empeoran progresivamente, son mioclonias, crisis occipitales, crisis tonicoclonicas generalizadas, deterioro cognitivo, sintomas neuropsiquiatricos y ataxia. El curso es progresivo y fatal. Patologicamente, se caracteriza por la presencia de depositos de poliglucosanos (denominados cuerpos de Lafora) en el cerebro, el higado, el musculo y las glandulas sudoriparas. El diagnostico de enfermedad de Lafora se realiza mediante hallazgos clinicos, electrofisiologicos, histologicos y geneticos. En la actualidad no existe un tratamiento que erradique o prevenga su desarrollo. Tradicionalmente, se utilizan farmacos antiepilepticos para el tratamiento de las mioclonias y las convulsiones, aunque aparecen resistencias a estas. Conclusiones. La enfermedad de Lafora es una patologia rara que, pese a su baja prevalencia, supone graves consecuencias para los pacientes y sus cuidadores. Asi pues, resulta necesario continuar la investigacion para clarificar los mecanismos subyacentes y desarrollar nuevos tratamientos paliativos y curativos de la enfermedad.
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