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. 2021 Jun;34(3):550-561.
doi: 10.1111/jhn.12843. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Exploring changes in dietary intake, physical activity and body weight during chemotherapy in women with breast cancer: A Mixed-Methods Study

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Exploring changes in dietary intake, physical activity and body weight during chemotherapy in women with breast cancer: A Mixed-Methods Study

Anja JThCM de Kruif et al. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed (i) to assess changes in dietary intake (DI), physical activity (PA) and body weight (BW) in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy; (ii) to describe how women explained, experienced and dealt with these potential changes; and (iii) to eventually develop lifestyle intervention strategies tailored to the women's personal needs during chemotherapy.

Methods: A longitudinal parallel mixed-method design was used with quantitative assessment of changes in dietary intake (24-h recall, Appetite, Hunger, Sensory Perception questionnaire), physical activity (Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing physical activity, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory) and BW (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), in addition to qualitative interviews with 25 women about these potential changes during chemotherapy.

Results: Most women who perceived eating less healthily with low energy intake (EI) and being less active before diagnosis continued to do so during chemotherapy, according to quantitative measurements. They struggled to maintain sufficient energy intake. Despite a lower than average reported EI, they unexpectedly gained weight and explained that fatigue made them even more inactive during chemotherapy. Active women usually managed to stay active because exercise was very important to them and made them feel good, although they also suffered from the side-effects of chemotherapy. They found more ways to deal with taste, smell and appetite problems than women with a lower energy intake.

Conclusions: The combination of the quantitative and qualitative data provided more insight into the changes in dietary intake, physical activity and BW during chemotherapy. The women's explanations showed why some women remain active and others need support to deal with changes in lifestyle factors such as healthy nutrition and fatigue.

Keywords: body weight; breast cancer; dietary intake; mixed methods; perceptions; physical activity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Conceptual behavioural model of women with breast cancer treated with chemotherapy and possible changes in dietary intake, physical activity and body weight. AHSP, Appetite Hunger Feelings and Sensory Perception questionnaire; SQUASH, Short Questionnaire to Assess Health‐enhancing physical activity; MFI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; DXA, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry

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