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. 2024 Feb 1;10(2):256-258.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.5573.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Drug-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, With and Without Overweight/Obesity

Lindsey Wang  1 , William Wang  1 , David C Kaelber  2 , Rong Xu  3   4 , Nathan A Berger  1   4
Affiliations

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Drug-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, With and Without Overweight/Obesity

Lindsey Wang et al. JAMA Oncol. .
No abstract available

Plain language summary

This cohort study compares glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with 7 non–GLP-1RA antidiabetics among drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Kaelber reported grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. Dr Xu reported grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. Dr Berger reported grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.

Figures

Figure.
Figure.. Risks and Hazard Ratios (HRs) of First-Time Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) in Drug-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Patients had no prior CRC and had no prior antidiabetic medication prescriptions between matched cohorts in the overall study population (A) and in patients with obesity/overweight (B). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the probability of the outcome (first diagnosis of CRC) at daily time intervals with censoring applied within a 15-year time window starting from the index event (first prescription of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists [GLP-1RAs] vs other non–GLP-1RA antidiabetic medications). The cohorts were propensity score matched for demographics, adverse socioeconomic determinants of health, preexisting medical conditions, personal and family history of cancers such as CRC and colonic polyps, benign neoplasms of the colon and rectum, lifestyle factors (exercise, diet, smoking, and alcohol drinking), medical encounters, and procedures such as colonoscopy. Overall risk is defined as the number of incidence cases among the number of patients in each cohort at the beginning of the time window. A plus sign (+) indicates that a patient was prescribed a GLP-1RA or non–GLP-1RA antidiabetic medication, while a minus sign (−) indicates that they were not. AGI indicates alpha-glucosidase inhibitors; DPP-4, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; SU, sulfonylureas, TZD, thiazolidinediones.
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