Table 1 Characteristics of the study population.
Patients | Total | Conventional | Absorbent | Vacuum | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 900 | N = 300 | N = 300 | N = 300 | ||
Pre-operative characteristics | |||||
Median age in years (IQR) | 64 (57—73) | 63 (54—73) | 67 (59—75) | 64 (56—72) | 0.002 |
Age > 70 years (%) | 296 (32.9) | 94 (31.3) | 118 (39.3) | 84 (28) | 0.010 |
Sex (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 616 (68.4) | 210 (70.0) | 198 (66.0) | 208 (69.3) | 0.528 |
BMI, median (IQR) | 26.2 (23.7—29.4) | 25.9 (23.7—30.1) | 26.1 (23.5—29.1) | 26.4 (23.8—29.7) | 0.894 |
Obesity ( body mass index > 30) (%) | 205 (22.8) | 76 (25.3) | 60 (20.0) | 69 (23.0) | 0.295 |
Underlying conditions (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
High Blood Pressure | 433 (48.1) | 145 (48.3) | 139 (46.3) | 149 (49.7) | 0.713 |
Myocardial infarction | 137 (15.2) | 46 (15.3) | 47 (15.7) | 44 (14.7) | 0.942 |
Congestive heart failure | 198 (22) | 71 (23.7) | 64 (21.3) | 63 (21) | 0.691 |
Central nervous system disease | 103 (11.4) | 33 (11.0) | 36 (12.0) | 34 (11.3) | 0.926 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 124 (13.8) | 35 (11.7) | 41 (13.7) | 48 (16) | 0.305 |
Renal dysfunction | 65 (7.2) | 12 (4.0) | 29 (9.7) | 24 (8) | 0.022 |
Diabetes mellitus | 239 (26.6) | 63 (21.0) | 96 (32.0) | 80 (26.7) | 0.010 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 66 (7.3) | 22 (7.3) | 24 (8.0) | 20 (6.7) | 0.822 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 69 (7.7) | 16 (5.3) | 24 (8.0) | 29 (9.7) | 0.132 |
Tumor | 89 (9.9) | 22 (7.3) | 42 (14.0) | 25 (8.3) | 0.013 |
Positive nasal cultures, n = 215 | 215 (23.9) | 67 (22.3) | 73 (24.3) | 75 (25.0) | 0.728 |
MSSA | 207 (96.3) | 66 (98.5) | 72 (98.6) | 69 (92.0) | 0.053 |
MRSA | 8 (3.7) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.4) | 6 (8.0) | Â |
Urgent surgery (%) | 22 (2.4) | 10 (3.3) | 5 (1.7) | 7 (2.3) | 0.413 |
Prior Surgery (%) | 119 (13.2) | 44 (14.7) | 40 (13.3) | 35 (11.7) | 0.554 |
Apache at inclusion, mean (SD) | 8 (5—9) | 7 (5—9) | 8 (6—10) | 8 (5—9) | 0.047 |
Charlson (SD) | 1 (0—2) | 1 (0—2) | 1 (0—3) | 1 (0—2) | 0.001 |
EuroScore, median (IQR) | 6 (3.3—8) | 6 (4—8) | 6 (4—8) | 6 (3—8) | 0.257 |
Risk, EuroScore, median (IQR) | 5 (2.5—10.6) | 5.4 (2.7—10.2) | 5.4 (2.5—11.4) | 4.6 (2.3—9.6) | 0.433 |
EuroScore II, median (IQR) | 1.6 (0.9—3.1) | 1.6 (0.9—3) | 1.6 (0.9—3.3) | 1.5 (1—3) | 0.625 |
Operative characteristics | |||||
Type of surgery (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.606 |
Valve replacement | 443 (49.2) | 151 (50.3) | 145 (48.3) | 147 (49.0) | Â |
CABG | 275 (30.6) | 83 (27.7) | 99 (33.0) | 93 (31.0) | Â |
Mixed (valve and CABG) | 52 (5.8) | 14 (4.7) | 16 (5.3) | 22 (7.3) | Â |
Aortic no valve + Aortic and valve | 51 (5.7) | 23 (7.7) | 12 (4.0) | 16 (5.3) |  |
Congenital | 31 (3.4) | 12 (4.0) | 12 (4.0) | 7 (2.3) | Â |
Heart transplant | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | Â |
Others surgery | 46 (5.1) | 17 (5.7) | 15 (5.0) | 14 (4.7) | Â |
IMA, n (%) | 301 (82.2) | 87 (77.0) | 105 (83.3) | 109 (85.8) | 0.187 |
Bilateral IMA, n (%) | 88 (29.4) | 24 (27.6) | 32 (30.8) | 32 (29.6) | 0.889 |
Surgical data | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Median CPBT (min) (IQR) | 127 (90—168.5) | 125 (91—171) | 127 (90—160) | 130 (88.5—173) | 0.407 |
Median (IQR) aortic cross-clamp time (min) | 83.5 (58—113) | 81 (59—112) | 81 (58—109) | 89 (57—120) | 0.164 |
Re- intervention (%) | 71 (7.9) | 26 (8.7) | 26 (8.7) | 19 (6.3) | 0.473 |
Transfusion (%) | 505 (56.1) | 164 (54.7) | 172 (57.3) | 169 (56.3) | 0.802 |
Packing (%) | 33 (3.7) | 11 (3.7) | 11 (3.7) | 11 (3.7) | 1.000 |
Dehiscence (%) | 21 (2.3) | 6 (2.0) | 9 (3.0) | 6 (2.0) | 0.645 |
Post-Operative characteristics | |||||
Median length of hospital stay in days (IQR) | 16 (10—25) | 15 (10—24) | 16.5 (11—28.8) | 15 (10—24) | 0.201 |
Median length of ICU stay in days (IQR) | 4 (3—6.8) | 4 (2—6) | 4 (3—7) | 4 (3—7) | 0.236 |
Median length preoperative in days (IQR) | 2 (1—7) | 2 (1—6) | 2 (1—8) | 2 (1—7) | 0.555 |
Patients with MV > 48 h (%) | 114 (12.7) | 33 (11.0) | 41 (13.7) | 40 (13.3) | 0.564 |
Days of MV | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.877 |
1Â day | 714 (79.3) | 238 (79.3) | 233 (77.7) | 243 (81.0) | Â |
2–4 days | 113 (12.6) | 37 (12.3) | 40 (13.3) | 36 (12.0) |  |
 >  = 5 days | 73 (8.1) | 25 (8.3) | 27 (9.0) | 21 (7.0) |  |
Reintubation, n (%) | 48 (5.4) | 14 (4.7) | 20 (6.7) | 14 (4.7) | 0.463 |
Delirium, (%) | 41 (4.6) | 14 (4.7) | 12 (4.0) | 15 (5.0) | 0.836 |
Need for inotropic support (%) | 817 (90.9) | 262 (87.6) | 279 (93.0) | 276 (92.0) | 0.052 |
DDDs, mean (SD) | 7.3 (4—18.6) | 7.5 (3—18.3) | 8 (5.1—21) | 6.6 (3.5—18.2) | 0.377 |
Mortality (%) | 40 (4.4) | 14 (4.7) | 17 (5.7) | 9 (3.0) | 0.277 |
PostSurgical Mediastinitis (%) | 14 (1.6) | 6 (2.0) | 6 (2.0) | 2 (0.7) | 0.313 |
Superficial wound infection (%) | 25 (2.8) | 7 (2.3) | 9 (3.0) | 9 (3.0) | 0.848 |
Other infection different wound surgical (%) | 144 (16) | 47 (15.7) | 52 (17.3) | 45 (15.0) | 0.724 |
