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. 2007 Jan;32(1):11-6.

Vulnerability for apoptosis in the limbic system after myocardial infarction in rats: a possible model for human postinfarct major depression

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Vulnerability for apoptosis in the limbic system after myocardial infarction in rats: a possible model for human postinfarct major depression

Boubacar Pasto Wann et al. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2007 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: Major depressive disorder occurs in 15%-30% of patients who have had a myocardial infarction (MI), but the neurobiological mechanisms involved are not well understood. Previously, we found early intracellular signalling changes in the limbic system after acute MI in rats. The aim of the present study was to test the presence of behavioural deficits compatible with animal models of depression after acute MI in rats and to verify whether this is associated with apoptosis vulnerability markers.

Methods: Occlusion of the left-anterior descending artery was induced for 40 minutes under anesthesia in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Control sham rats underwent the same surgical procedure without occlusion. After surgery, subgroups of MI and sham rats were treated with desipramine, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally for 14 days. All rats were tested on measures of behavioural depression 14 days after surgery with a sucrose preference test, a forced swimming test, and a memory test (Morris water maze [MWM]). The rats were sacrificed, and the MI size was determined; apoptosis was estimated in the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus by measuring Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activity.

Results: Untreated MI rats drank significantly less sucrose and swam significantly less than sham rats. No difference was found on the MWM. Behavioural depression was prevented by desipramine. Bax:Bcl-2 ratio was significantly increased in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus of MI rats, compared with sham rats; caspase-3 activity showed no difference between the 2 groups. Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in the prefrontal cortex was correlated with swim time in the forced swim test.

Conclusion: Behavioural impairment and limbic apoptotic events observed after a myocardial infarct are consistent with a model of human post-MI depression.

Objectif: Un trouble dépressif majeur survient chez 15 à 30 % des patients qui ont subi un infarctus du myocarde (IM), mais on ne comprend pas bien les mécanismes neurobiologiques en cause. Auparavant, nous avions découvert des changements précoces de la transmission des signaux intracellulaires dans le système limbique après un IM aigu chez des rats. La présente étude visait à vérifier la présence de déficits du comportement compatibles avec des modèles animaux de la dépression après un IM aigu chez les rats et à vérifier s'il y a un lien avec les marqueurs de la vulnérabilité à l'apoptose.

Méthodes: On a provoqué l'occlusion de l'artère interventriculaire antérieure pendant 40 minutes sous anesthésie chez des rats Sprague–Dawley mâles adultes. Des rats témoins ont subi la même intervention chirurgicale sans occlusion. Après l'intervention, on a traité les sous-groupes de rats qui ont subi un IM et de rats témoins en leur administrant de la désipramine; 10 mg/kg, par voie intrapéritonéale pendant 14 jours. Tous les rats ont été soumis à des mesures de dépression du comportement 14 jours après l'intervention chirurgicale, au moyen de mesures de préférence du sucrose, de tests de natation forcée et d'un test de mémoire (labyrinthe d'eau de Morris [LEM]). On a sacrifié les rats et déterminé la taille de l'IM. On a estimé l'apoptose dans le cortex préfrontal, l'hypothalamus, les amygdales et l'hippocampe en mesurant le ratio Bax:Bcl-2 et l'activité de la caspase-3.

Résultats: Les rats qui ont subi un IM non traité ont bu beaucoup moins de sucrose et ont nagé beaucoup moins que les rats témoins. Le test LEM n'a révélé aucune différence. On a prévenu la dépression du comportement par la désipramine. Le ratio Bax:Bcl-2 avait augmenté considérablement dans le cortex préfrontal et l'hypothalamus des rats qui ont subi un IM comparativement aux rats témoins. L'activité de la caspase-3 n'a présenté aucune différence entre les deux groupes. On a établi un lien entre le ratio Bax:Bcl-2 dans le cortex préfrontal et le temps de natation au cours du test de natation forcée.

Conclusion: Le déficit du comportement et les événements d'apoptose limbique observés après un infarctus du myocarde correspondent à un modèle de dépression humaine consécutive à un IM.

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Figures

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Fig. 1: Results (mean and standard error of the mean [SEM]) of behavioural tests in myocardial infarction (MI) and control sham rats, with and without long-term antidepressant treatment (see Methods). Forced swim test (sham n = 6, sham + desipramine treated rats [AD] n = 3, MI n = 7, MI + AD n = 4) (A). The SEM bar in the MI + AD group (immobility) is too small to be displayed. Sucrose preference test (sham n = 5, sham + AD n = 3, MI n = 5, MI + AD n = 4) (B). *Indicates a statistically significant difference between the untreated MI group and the untreated sham group.
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Fig. 2: Top: representative gel (Western blot analyses), acquired with a Kodak Image Station 440CF. Bottom: Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in the prefrontal cortex 3 weeks after surgery (mean and standard error of the mean). Sham n = 4, sham + desipramine treated rats [AD] n = 3, myocardial infarction (MI) n = 4, MI + AD n = 4. *Indicates a statistically significant difference between the untreated MI group and the untreated sham group.
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Fig. 3: Linear regression between Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in the prefrontal cortex and swimming time in the forced swim test indicates an inverse relation (r2 = 0.71; p < 0.0001). AD = desipramine treated rats; MI = myocardial infarction.

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