Metabolic effects of dark chocolate consumption on energy, gut microbiota, and stress-related metabolism in free-living subjects
- PMID: 19810704
- DOI: 10.1021/pr900607v
Metabolic effects of dark chocolate consumption on energy, gut microbiota, and stress-related metabolism in free-living subjects
Abstract
Dietary preferences influence basal human metabolism and gut microbiome activity that in turn may have long-term health consequences. The present study reports the metabolic responses of free living subjects to a daily consumption of 40 g of dark chocolate for up to 14 days. A clinical trial was performed on a population of 30 human subjects, who were classified in low and high anxiety traits using validated psychological questionnaires. Biological fluids (urine and blood plasma) were collected during 3 test days at the beginning, midtime and at the end of a 2 week study. NMR and MS-based metabonomics were employed to study global changes in metabolism due to the chocolate consumption. Human subjects with higher anxiety trait showed a distinct metabolic profile indicative of a different energy homeostasis (lactate, citrate, succinate, trans-aconitate, urea, proline), hormonal metabolism (adrenaline, DOPA, 3-methoxy-tyrosine) and gut microbial activity (methylamines, p-cresol sulfate, hippurate). Dark chocolate reduced the urinary excretion of the stress hormone cortisol and catecholamines and partially normalized stress-related differences in energy metabolism (glycine, citrate, trans-aconitate, proline, beta-alanine) and gut microbial activities (hippurate and p-cresol sulfate). The study provides strong evidence that a daily consumption of 40 g of dark chocolate during a period of 2 weeks is sufficient to modify the metabolism of free living and healthy human subjects, as per variation of both host and gut microbial metabolism.
Similar articles
-
Specific dietary preferences are linked to differing gut microbial metabolic activity in response to dark chocolate intake.J Proteome Res. 2012 Dec 7;11(12):6252-63. doi: 10.1021/pr300915z. Epub 2012 Nov 19. J Proteome Res. 2012. PMID: 23163751 Clinical Trial.
-
An LC-MS-based metabolomics approach for exploring urinary metabolome modifications after cocoa consumption.J Proteome Res. 2009 Nov;8(11):5060-8. doi: 10.1021/pr900470a. J Proteome Res. 2009. PMID: 19754154 Clinical Trial.
-
Human metabolic phenotypes link directly to specific dietary preferences in healthy individuals.J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov;6(11):4469-77. doi: 10.1021/pr070431h. Epub 2007 Oct 12. J Proteome Res. 2007. PMID: 17929959
-
Metabolomics view on gut microbiome modulation by polyphenol-rich foods.J Proteome Res. 2012 Oct 5;11(10):4781-90. doi: 10.1021/pr300581s. Epub 2012 Sep 6. J Proteome Res. 2012. PMID: 22905879 Review.
-
Gut microbiota as a regulator of energy homeostasis and ectopic fat deposition: mechanisms and implications for metabolic disorders.Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010 Feb;21(1):76-83. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283347ebb. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010. PMID: 19915460 Review.
Cited by
-
Profiling of Endogenous and Gut Microbial Metabolites to Indicate Metabotype-Specific Dietary Responses: A Systematic Review.Adv Nutr. 2020 Sep 1;11(5):1237-1254. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa031. Adv Nutr. 2020. PMID: 32271864 Free PMC article.
-
The role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity.Glob Adv Health Med. 2014 May;3(3):44-57. doi: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.018. Glob Adv Health Med. 2014. PMID: 24891993 Free PMC article. Review. No abstract available.
-
1H NMR-Based Metabonomic Study of Functional Dyspepsia in Stressed Rats Treated with Chinese Medicine Weikangning.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:4039425. doi: 10.1155/2017/4039425. Epub 2017 Sep 28. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017. PMID: 29234392 Free PMC article.
-
Positive effects of a healthy snack (fruit) versus an unhealthy snack (chocolate/crisps) on subjective reports of mental and physical health: a preliminary intervention study.Front Nutr. 2014 Jul 16;1:10. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2014.00010. eCollection 2014. Front Nutr. 2014. PMID: 25988113 Free PMC article.
-
Potential value of nutrigenomics in Crohn's disease.Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Mar 13;9(5):260-70. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.41. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012. PMID: 22410431 Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical