A clear view on Congenital hypothyroidism.pptx
- 2. The Thyroid gland The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck, just below the larynx. It places a crucial role in regulating the metabolism, energy production and overall growth and development. The gland produces hormones such as thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which influences almost every cell in the body.
- 3. Functions of the Thyroid Hormones Thyroid hormones regulate the body’s metabolic rate and how the body uses energy. The also play significant roles in heart function, digestive health and muscle control. Proper levels of thyroid hormones are essential for maintain mental health, mood stability and cognitive function.
- 4. Introduction to Congenital Hypothyroidism Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition present at birth, characterized by an underactive thyroid gland. This condition can lead to significant developmental delays and intellectual diaablilities, if not diagnosed and treated early. It is one of the common endocrine disorders in newborn, affecting 1 in 2000 to 4000 live births.
- 5. Causes of Congenital hypoparathyroidism The primary causes include thyroid gland dysgenesis, which involves abnormal development of the thyroid gland. Genetic mutation can also play a role, affecting the synthesis of thyroid hormone. In some cases, maternal factor such as iodine deficiency or exposure to certain medication during pregnancy can contribute to the condition.
- 6. Symptoms and Diagnosis Symptoms of Congenital hypothyroidism may include poor feeding, lethargy and developmental delays. Other signs include a hoarse cry, dry skin and swollen abdomen, which might be observed in affected infants. Diagnosis is typically made through newborn screening tests that measures thyroid hormones levels within in the first week of life.
- 7. Treatnebt Options The standard treatment for congenital hypothyroidism involves daily administration of synthetic thyroid hormone, levothyroxine. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for normal growth and cognitive development in affected children. Regular monitoring of thyroid hormone level is essential to ensure that the treatment is effective and appropriately adjusted.
- 8. Long Term Outlook. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most children with Congenital hypothyroidism can lead a health and normal life. Regular follow up appointments are important to monitor development and adjust medication doses as the child grows. Without treatment , the condition can result in severe intellectual disability and other health complication.
- 9. Conclusion and Importance of Screening Congenital hypothyroidism is a preventable cause of intellectual disability when diagnosed early. Universal newborn screening programs have significantly improved early detection rate. Awareness and education about this condition can help ensure timely diagnosis and treatment for affecting infants.
- 10. References American Thyroid Association.(2023). Congenital hypothyroidism NationaL Institute of Child Health and Kearns, M.A, & Liptak, G,S (2023) Early diagnosis and treatment of Congenital Hypothyroudism