Tonga people (Zambia and Zimbabwe)
The Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe are a Bantu ethnic group of southern Zambia and neighbouring northern Zimbabwe, and to a lesser extent, in Mozambique. They are related to the Batoka who are part of the Tokaleya people in the same area, but not to the Tonga people of Malawi who belong to a larger Tumbuka people group who speak a dialect of Chitumbuka, called Chitonga. In southern Zambia, they are patrons of the Kafue Twa.
The Tonga of Zimbabwe
[edit]The Tonga people of Zimbabwe are found in and around the Binga District, the Kariba area, and other parts of Matabeleland. They number up to 300,000 and are mostly subsistence farmers. ln Zimbabwe, the language of the Tonga people is called tchitonga.[1]
The Tonga People were settled along Lake Kariba after the construction of the Kariba Dam wall. They stretch from Chirundu, Kariba town, Mola, Binga to Victoria Falls.
In the 1800s, during the reign of Mzilikazi and Lobengula, the Tonga people were regarded by the Ndebele (at the time called the "Matabele") as very peaceful. Early British explorers also regarded them as "wholesome" and "entirely peaceful" on "both sides of the Zambezi."[2]
Languages
[edit]The Tonga language of Zambia is spoken by about 1.38 million people in Zambia and 137,000 in Zimbabwe.[3] (The Malawian Tonga language which is a dialect of Chitumbuka is classified in a different zone of the Bantu languages.)
In Zimbabwe, the Tonga also speak Shona, Ndebele and English. In Zambia, the Tonga also speak Nyanja and English, in Mozambique they also speak Portuguese as second languages. One of the most difficult task is to quantify the actual population of the Tonga people. Because of their peaceful approach, they easily assimilate to other tribes and eventually move over to dominant tribes. In Zimbabwe not only do they speak dominant languages such as Shona and Ndebele but a great population have taken on either Shona or Ndebele surnames. There are families in places such as Binga, Zimbabwe where half the siblings could carry Tonga surnames and another Ndebele surnames. In the national population register the ones with Ndebele surnames will be counted among the Ndebeles. Beside the Tsonga speaking in South Africa, they are also a population of that speaks predominantly Zulu, however among the Zulu tribe it is well known that there is a great population of the Tonga people among them. In Mpumalanga, Enkomazi, there is a place called Tonga, while the population of the area is called Swati, the name is a testimony to the once existence of the Tonga people in the area.
Notable Tonga People of Zambia
[edit]- Hakainde Hichilema
- Anderson Mazoka
- Ackron Zyumbwe
- James Ndambo
- Habatwa Mweene
- Andrew Sikajaya Muntanga
- Hon. Mulambo Haimbe
- Hon. Jacob Mwiimbu
- Hon. Gary Nkombo
- Hon. Cornelius Mweetwa
- Hantobolo
- Ng'andu Peter Magande
- Chaloka Beyani
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "BaTonga Museum". 2019-11-19. Retrieved 2024-05-07.
- ^ Matabele Rebellion, 1896: With the Belingwe Field Force by Laing D. Tyrie · 1901
- ^ Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., ed. (2005). "Ethnologue report for language code: toi". Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Retrieved 2006-05-08.
