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Fitting Hearing Aids to Adults Using Prescriptive Methods: An Evidence-Based Review of Effectiveness

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The use of a prescriptive fitting approach for hearing aid selection has been a common practice for the past 60–70 years. While there are prescriptive approaches that have been validated, in recent years it has become popular to deviate from these validated methods and use manufacturers' proprietary algorithms, which in many cases are significantly different. This research review was designed to examine if there was evidence supporting the use of specific gain requirements for hearing aid fitting. Specifically, the question that was asked was "Are there real-world outcome measures from adult patients that show a preference for the gain prescribed by a specific prescriptive fitting procedure?" Inclusion criteria were as follows: adult subjects, consistent technology (e.g., different prescriptive methods compared using same hearing aids), real-ear verification of gain, and real-world outcome measures. For this review, in addition to subjective responses, preferred use gain was considered a real-world outcome measure. The National Acoustic Laboratories' revised (NAL-R), revised for severe/profound (NAL-RP), and the National Acoustic Laboratories—Non-Linear 1 (NAL-NL1) prescriptive methods were used as a common reference, as they have been the most commonly studied methods with adults. Eleven studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Eight of the studies supported gain similar to that prescribed by the NAL-R or NAL-RP methods; three studies supported prescribed gain less than the NAL-R or NAL-RP. There was no evidence that gain greater than that prescribed by the NAL methods should be used. The level of evidence was moderate, as the supporting studies were either Level 2 or Level 4, and the statistical power of the studies was low. El uso de un enfoque de adaptación por prescripción en la selección de los auxiliares auditivos ha sido una práctica común durante los últimos 60–70 años. Aunque existen enfoques de prescripción que han sido validados, en años recientes se ha hecho popular separarse de estos métodos validados y utilizar algoritmos propiedad de los fabricantes, que en muchos casos son significativamente diferentes. Esta revisión fue diseñada para examinar si existía evidencia que apoyara el uso de requisitos específicos de ganancia para la adaptación de auxiliares auditivos. Específicamente, la pregunta que se planteó fue: "¿Existen en el mundo real mediciones de resultado realizadas con pacientes adultos que muestran una preferencia para la ganancia prescrita a partir de un procedimiento específico de adaptación?" Los criterios de inclusión fueron: sujetos adultos, tecnología consistente (p.e., métodos diferentes de rescripción comparados con el uso de los mismos auxiliares auditivos), verificación de la ganancia por oído-real, mediciones de resultado en el mundo real. Para esta revisión, además de las respuestas subjetivas, la ganancia preferida fue considerada una medición de resultado en el mundo real. Se utilizaron como referencia común los métodos de prescripción: Laboratorios Nacionales de Acústica—revisado (NAL-R), el revisado para pérdida severa/profunda (NAL-RP), y el Laboratorio Nacional de Acústica—No Lineal 1 (NAL-NL1), dado que han sido los métodos más frecuentemente estudiados con adultos. Se identificaron once estudios que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Ocho de los estudios demostraron ganancias similares a las prescritas con los métodos NAL-R y NAL-RP y tres estudios prescribían ganancias menores que con estos mismos métodos. No existió evidencia de que debieran usarse ganancias superiores a las obtenidas con los métodos NAL. El nivel de evidencia fue moderado, dado que los estudios de apoyo eran de Nivel 2 o Nivel 4, y el poder estadístico de los estudios fue bajo.

Keywords: EVIDENCE; FORMULA; GAIN; HEARING AID; NAL; OUTCOME; PRESCRIPTION; REAL WORLD

Document Type: Research Article

Publication date: 01 June 2005

More about this publication?
  • The Journal of the American Academy of Audiology (JAAA) is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication and the official journal of the American Academy of Audiology. JAAA publishes articles and clinical reports in all areas of audiology, including audiological assessment, amplification, aural habilitation and rehabilitation, auditory electrophysiology, vestibular assessment, hearing and balance public health, and hearing and vestibular science. The journal is an online-only publication with a related continuing-education assessment program available to Academy members. Beginning in January 2025, the Academy resumed its role as the publisher of JAAA.

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