Objective: To review the incidence, mechanism, signs, symptoms, and management of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity.

Data sources: English-language publications from the MEDLINE database (1995-August 2004), published articles, and meeting abstracts were reviewed.

Study selection and data extraction: Relevant data were extracted from published reports and abstracts on studies and case reports of humans with cancer who received oxaliplatin chemotherapy and in vitro studies of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity.

Data synthesis: Neurotoxicity is a common adverse effect of oxaliplatin that usually presents as peripheral neuropathy. There are 2 forms of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity: acute and chronic. The acute form occurs in >90% of patients and may begin during the infusion or within hours of completion, is usually self-limited, and may be exacerbated by exposure to cold. Chronic neuropathy is cumulative and is most commonly seen in patients who have received total doses > or =540 mg/m2. Although it is a sensory neuropathy, the intensity can increase to the point that it impairs physical functions, such as holding objects and writing. Preventive measures include administration of calcium and magnesium solutions, gabapentin, carbamazepine, amifostine, and glutathione. Treatment measures include calcium and magnesium solutions, gabapentin, and alpha-lipoic acid.

Conclusions: Peripheral neuropathy is seen in the majority of patients who receive oxaliplatin. The acute form is usually transient and self-limited; however, the chronic form can be dose-limiting. Calcium and magnesium solutions are an effective and convenient means of treating and reducing the severity of neuropathic symptoms. Additional studies, including controlled trials, are needed to determine the best way to prevent and treat this complication.