Ubaguzi dhidi ya Wayahudi
Ubaguzi dhidi ya Wayahudi (kwa Kiingereza: Antisemitism) ni chuki, ubaguzi au upendeleo wa aina yoyote dhidi ya Wayahudi.
Maelezo ya IHRA kuhusu ubaguzi dhidi ya Wayahudi:
- Kuita au kusaidia kuua au kuumiza Wayahudi kwa jina la itikadi kali au dini.
- Kutunga hadithi za uongo, chuki au kejeli kuhusu Wayahudi au nguvu zao, kama vile kusema Wayahudi wanadhibiti dunia, vyombo vya habari au serikali.
- Kuwalaumu Wayahudi wote kwa kosa la mtu mmoja au kundi dogo, au hata kosa lililofanywa na mtu asiye Myahudi.
- Kukana mauaji ya Maangamizi makuu dhidi ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya, kama vile kusema hayakutokea, au kupunguza ukubwa wake.
- Kusema Wayahudi au Israeli walitunga au walikithirisha hadithi ya Maangamizi makuu dhidi ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya.
- Kusema raia Wayahudi ni waaminifu zaidi kwa Israeli kuliko kwa nchi zao.
- Kukataa haki ya Wayahudi ya kuwa na taifa lao wenyewe, mfano kusema kuwa Israeli ni mradi wa kibaguzi.
- Kuitaka Israeli kufuata viwango ambavyo mataifa mengine ya demokrasia hayatakiwi.
- Kutumia picha au maneno ya zamani ya chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi kuelezea Israeli au Waisraeli.
- Kufananisha sera za Israeli na zile za Wanazi.
- Kuwalaumu Wayahudi wote kwa matendo ya serikali ya Israeli.[1]
Neno lingine linalotumika badala ya "antisemitism" ni Judeophobia.[2] Baadhi ya watu hupendelea jina hili kwa sababu "antisemitism" linaweza kueleweka kwa njia tofauti.[2]
Muhtasari
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Historia ya binadamu imejawa na chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi (antisemitism),[2] ambapo mfano mbaya zaidi ni Maangamizi Makuu (Holocaust),[3] huku aina ya kawaida ya chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi ikiwa ni nadharia za njama.[4][5] Kivumishi cha chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi ni -enye chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi. Wale wenye maoni ya chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi wanaitwa wachukia Wayahudi.[6]
Mwenendo wa hivi karibuni
[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Mnamo Januari 14, 2025, kikundi cha haki za kiraia cha Marekani Anti-Defamation League (ADL) kilitangaza matokeo ya utafiti wao mpya wa kimataifa (washiriki 58,000) kwamba 46% ya watu wazima duniani (takriban watu 2,200,000,000) walikuwa na maoni yaliyokita mizizi ya chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi.[7]
Miongoni mwa washiriki, 56% walifikiri kwamba Wayahudi walikuwa "waaminifu kwa Israeli pekee" huku 46% wakiamini kwamba "Wayahudi walikuwa na nguvu nyingi juu ya masuala ya kimataifa".[7] 76% ya wale walio katika Mashariki ya Kati na Afrika Kaskazini (MENA) walionekana kukubaliana na dhana potofu 11 hasi kuhusu Wayahudi,[7] asilimia ya juu zaidi kuliko maeneo mengine yote.[7] Wakati huo huo, Kuwait na Indonesia zilipatikana kuwa na asilimia kubwa zaidi ya dhana hizo.[8]
Kuhusu Maangamizi Makuu (Holocaust), ni 48% tu ya washiriki walitambua usahihi wake wa kihistoria, huku asilimia ikiwa ya chini kabisa (39%) miongoni mwa kundi la umri wa miaka 18–34,[8] kinyume na imani ya kawaida ya wasomi wa kushoto kwamba vijana wana uwezekano mdogo wa kuelewa juu ya wabaguzi wa rangi.[9]
Asili ya jina
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mwanahistoria wa Marekani Deborah Lipstadt na wataalamu kadhaa wa chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi walisema kwamba neno antisemitism lilibuniwa na mwanaharakati wa Kijerumani mwenye chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi Wilhelm Marr katika kitabu chake Path to Victory of Germanism Over Judaism kurejelea chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi, ambayo aliona ni muhimu kwa mbari ya Kijerumani kuwazuia Wayahudi (kikundi kikuu cha Wasemiti Ulaya wakati huo) kuharibu utamaduni wa Kijerumani.[10] Licha ya Wasemiti kujumuisha makundi mengine ya kikabila ya Mashariki ya Kati,[11] wanaharakati wa Ujerumani kama Wilhelm Marr waliwarejelea Wayahudi kama Wasemiti hasa.[10][11]
Kutokana na maana, antisemitism haiwezi kuchukuliwa kama chuki dhidi ya makundi yote ya Kisemitiki, au ingesababisha makosa ya kiisimu (kutumia maana ya zamani ya neno kufanya hoja kuhusu maana yake ya sasa).[11] Zaidi ya hayo, neno hilo linajumuisha Wayahudi wanaofanya Uyahudi, Wayahudi walio badili dini na kuwa Ukristo na wale wenye asili ya Kiyahudi inayoweza kufuatiliwa,[10][11] ambao wote wanaweza kuwa waathirika wa chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi.[10][11]
Tahajia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Neno hili huandikwa na wengine kama anti-Semitism, lakini tahajia kama hiyo ina utata. Wanahistoria wameeleza kuwa anti-Semitism inapotosha kwani hakuna itikadi kama "Semitism" inayoweza kupingwa,[10][11] huku dhana ya Wasemiti ikichimbuka kutoka sayansi-bandia ya karne ya 19 ubaguzi wa rangi wa kisayansi.[10][11]
Uongo kuhusu Wayahudi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Kale
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Wayahudi walimuua Yesu
Zama za Kati
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Wayahudi huchukua damu kutoka kwa watoto wachanga Wakristo kwa ajili ya ibada (mashtaka ya damu)[14][15]
- Wayahudi kuabudu Shetani[12][13]
- Wayahudi hutia sumu visima kusababisha milipuko ya magonjwa, ikiwemo karne ya 14 Kifo Cheusi[14][16]
Siku hizi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Wayahudi wanadhibiti vyombo vya habari[14][17]
- Wayahudi wanadhibiti benki[14][18]
- Wayahudi wanadhibiti serikali duniani kote[19][20]
- Wayahudi wanazua vita na mapinduzi duniani dunia[14][21]
Sasa hivi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Wayahudi ni walimwengu wasio na asili[22][23]
- Wayahudi ni waongofu wa Ulaya wa Uyahudi waliozaliwa kutoka kwa Khazars[24][25]
- Wayahudi waliendesha Biashara ya utumwa ya Atlantiki[25][26]
- Wayahudi walisababisha UKIMWI na COVID-19[27]
Mashariki ya Kati na Afrika ya Kaskazini (MENA)
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Historia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Wayahudi walianza kuishi katika Rasi ya Uarabuni katika karne ya 6 KK, wakati uvamizi wa Ufalme wa Babeli wa Ufalme wa Yuda ulipowalazimisha Wayahudi kuondoka Yudea. Mawimbi mfululizo ya kuhamisha Wayahudi – yaliyosababishwa na uvamizi wa Yudea kwa vipindi tofauti – yaliwafanya Wayahudi kuwa kundi kuu la kikabila-kidini[28] katika Rasi ya Uarabuni, ambapo Uyahudi ulikuwa tofauti na dini ya miungu mingi ya upagani wa Waarabu wa kale,[29] wengi wao walikuwa wamefika baadaye kuliko Wayahudi kutokana na asili yao ya kuhamahama.[29]
Zama za Kati
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Wayahudi walifanikiwa katika Rasi ya Uarabuni hadi Waislamu waliposhinda Rasi hiyo, ambapo wao, pamoja na watu wa asili wengine waliotekwa, walitakiwa kulipa jizya (kodi ya kichwa) kwa kubadilishana na uwepo wao uvumiliwe.[29][30] Malipo ya jizya yaliwapa Wayahudi hadhi ya dhimmi ambapo walikatazwa – chini ya tishio la kunyongwa – kukosoa nyanja yoyote ya Uislamu, kushiriki mawazo ya Kiyahudi kwa Waislamu au kumgusa mwanamke wa Kiislamu.[31] Wayahudi pia hawakuruhusiwa[31]
- kunywa divai hadharani
- kupanda farasi au ngamia
- kusali au kuomboleza kwa sauti kubwa
- kujenga masinagogi marefu kuliko misikiti
- kujenga nyumba ndefu kuliko nyumba za Kiislamu
Karne ya 21
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Miaka ya 2010
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi ni jambo la kawaida sana Mashariki ya Kati na Afrika Kaskazini (MENA).[1] Mnamo mwaka 2011, Pew Research Center ilifanya utafiti kwa idadi kubwa ya wananchi wa nchi za Mashariki ya Kati, ambapo Waislamu ndio wengi. Wengi wa waliohojiwa walikuwa na chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi. Ni 2% tu ya Wamisri, 3% ya Waislamu wa Lebanon na 2% ya Wajordan waliripoti kujisikia vizuri kuhusu Wayahudi.[32] Baadhi ya wanazuoni wanaamini kwamba vyombo vya habari vimecheza jukumu muhimu katika jambo hilo.[33][34] Data zaidi yamewasilishwa kama ifuatavyo.
Nchi | % ya idadi ya watu wenye chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi (kiwango cha uhakika 95%)[35] | |
---|---|---|
Palestina | 93 | |
Iraq | 92 | |
Yemen | 88 | |
Algeria | 87 | |
Libya | 87 | |
Tunisia | 86 | |
Kuwait | 82 | |
Jordan | 81 | |
Bahrain | 81 | |
Qatar | 80 | |
Moroko | 80 | |
Falme za Kiarabu | 80 | |
Lebanon | 78 | |
Oman | 76 | |
Misri | 75 | |
Saudi Arabia | 74 |
Afrika Kusini mwa Sahara
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Nchi | % ya idadi ya watu wenye chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi (kiwango cha uhakika 95%)[35] | |
---|---|---|
Senegal | 53 | |
Mauritius | 44 | |
Afrika Kusini | 38 | |
Kamerun | 35 | |
Kenya | 35 | |
Botswana | 33 | |
Côte D'Ivoire | 22 | |
Nigeria | 16 | |
Uganda | 16 | |
Ghana | 15 | |
Tanzania | 12 |
Asilimia ya wakazi wa Afrika Kusini wenye chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi iliongezeka hadi 47% mwaka 2019 kutoka 38% mwaka 2014.[36] Tangu Vita vya Israeli na Hamas vilipoanza Oktoba 7, 2023, kumekuwa na ongezeko kubwa la unyanyasaji na vurugu dhidi ya Wayahudi nchini Afrika Kusini.[37][38] Kati ya Oktoba 7 na Desemba 31, 2023, mashambulizi dhidi ya Wayahudi yaliongezeka kwa 631% nchini Afrika Kusini ikilinganishwa na kipindi kama hicho mwaka 2022.[39]
Ulaya
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Kabla ya Karne ya 20
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Karne ya 20
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Maangamizi Makuu (Holokausti)
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Further information: Kristallnacht, Babi Yar, Ante Pavelić, and Kanisa Katoliki na Dola Huru ya Kroatia


Maangamizi Makuu yalikuwa mauaji ya halaiki[40] yaliyofanywa na Ujerumani ya Nazi kuanzia 1933 hadi 1945 wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia. Yalijulikana kama Suluhisho la Mwisho. Mpango wa Wanazi ulikuwa kuwaondoa Wayahudi wote Ulaya. Walifanikiwa kuwaua angalau Wayahudi 6,000,000 – 67% ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya wakati huo.[3] Mpango wa Maangamizi Makuu ulikuwa na mizizi katika chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi.[3][41]
Karne ya 21
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Katika utafiti wa mwaka 2013 wa Wayahudi 5,847 huko Ulaya, 76% walifikiri kwamba chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi iliongezeka katika miaka mitano iliyopita, huku 29% walikuwa wamefikiria kuhamia nchi nyingine kwa sababu walijisikia kutokuwa salama.[42] Utafiti wa ADL wa mwaka 2023 uligundua kuwa theluthi moja ya Wazungu wa Magharibi waliamini chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi. Hali hii iliripotiwa kuwa mbaya zaidi katika nchi zingine za Ulaya Mashariki, hasa Hungary (37%), Poland (35%) na Urusi (26%).[43] Katika Ulaya Mashariki, kiwango cha chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi kimeonekana kuwa kikubwa.[44] Chanzo cha kuendelea kwa chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi Ulaya kinajadiliwa.[45][46]
Nchi | % ya idadi ya watu wenye chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi (kiwango cha uhakika 95%)[35] | |
---|---|---|
Ugiriki | 69 | |
Armenia | 58 | |
Poland | 45 | |
Bulgaria | 44 | |
Serbia | 42 | |
Hungary | 41 | |
Belarus | 38 | |
Ufaransa | 37 | |
Azerbaijan | 37 | |
Lithuania | 36 | |
Romania | 35 | |
Kroatia | 33 | |
Bosnia na Herzegovina | 32 | |
Georgia | 32 | |
Urusi | 30 | |
Moldova | 30 | |
Hispania | 29 | |
Montenegro | 29 | |
Latvia | 28 | |
Austria | 28 | |
Slovenia | 27 | |
Ubelgiji | 27 | |
Ujerumani | 27 | |
Uswisi | 26 | |
Estonia | 22 | |
Ureno | 21 | |
Ireland | 20 | |
Italia | 20 | |
Iceland | 16 | |
Norway | 15 | |
Finland | 15 | |
Jamhuri ya Czech | 13 | |
Denmark | 9 | |
Ufalme wa Muungano | 8 | |
Uholanzi | 5 | |
Uswidi | 4 |
Ireland
[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 *"AJC's glossary of antisemitic terms, phrases, conspiracies, cartoons, themes, and memes" (PDF). American Jewish Committee. 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 3, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)- "Magnifying glass
Debunking Misconceptions About the Definition of Antisemitism". World Jewish Congress. Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 23, 2024.Those who hate Jews can no longer hide behind empty rhetoric
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "500 years of antisemitic propaganda". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 4, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Klaff, Lesley (2014). "Holocaust Inversion and contemporary antisemitism". Fathom Journal. Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 24, 2024.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Sweeney, Jon (2023). "From hateful murmurs to blood libel". The Christian Century. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 4, 2024.
Heather Blurton explains the origins and legacy of an outrageous antisemitic lie: the fable of William of Norwich.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Holocaust inversion is going mainstream". Jewish News Syndicate. Agosti 15, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 24, 2024.
The point, of course, is to legitimize violence against Jews.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- "Magnifying glass
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2
- Schäfer, Peter (Oktoba 1, 1998). Judeophobia: Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674487789. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 3, 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Hayes, Christine (1999). "Judeophobia: Peter Schäfer on the Origins of Anti-Semitism". Jewish Studies Quarterly. 6 (3). Mohr Siebeck GmbH & Co. KG: 261–273. JSTOR stable/40753239. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 3, 2024.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Wistrich, Robert S. (1999). Demonizing the other: Antisemitism, racism and xenophobia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-51619-8. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 7, 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Sand, Shlomo (Novemba 24, 2020). "Opinion | Antisemitism? Better Call It Judeophobia". Haaretz. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 3, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Sadan, Tsvi (Julai 1, 2021). "It's Not Antisemitism, It's Judeophobia. What's the Difference and Why You Should Know". Israel Today. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 3, 2024.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- Schäfer, Peter (Oktoba 1, 1998). Judeophobia: Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674487789. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 3, 2024.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2
- Shapiro, P.A. (2007). "Faith, murder, resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church". Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253116741. OCLC 191071016. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 4, 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Laqueur, Walter (Julai 30, 2009). "Towards the Holocaust". The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195341218. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 3, 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Deportation of Hungarian Jews". Timeline of Events. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 25 Novemba 2017. Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 6, 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Brosnan, Matt (12 Juni 2018). "What Was The Holocaust?". Imperial War Museum. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2 Machi 2019. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Machi 2019.
- "36 Questions About the Holocaust". Museum of Tolerance, Los Angeles. Iliwekwa mnamo 2024-10-14.
- Shapiro, P.A. (2007). "Faith, murder, resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church". Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253116741. OCLC 191071016. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 4, 2024.
- ↑
- Robertson, David George (Novemba 25, 2014). "Metaphysical conspiracism: UFOs as discursive object between popular millennial and conspiracist fields". University of Edinburgh Research Archive. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Bronner, Stephen Eric (2020). "Conspiracy Fetishism, Community, and the Antisemitic Imaginary". Antisemitism Studies. 4 (2). Indiana University Press: 371–387. doi:10.2979/antistud.4.2.06. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Kofta, Mirosław; Soral, Wiktor; Bilewicz, Michał (2020). "What breeds conspiracy antisemitism? The role of political uncontrollability and uncertainty in the belief in Jewish conspiracy". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 118 (5): 900–918. doi:10.1037/pspa0000183. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Robertson, David G. (2021). "Chapter 7 They Knew Too Much: The Entangled History of Conspiracy Theories, UFOs and New Religions". Handbook of UFO Religions. ku. 178–196. doi:10.1163/9789004435537_009. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Robertson, David G. (2022). "Conspiracy Theories about Secret Religions: Imagining the Other". The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Secrecy (tol. la 1). Routledge. ISBN 9781003014751. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- Robertson, David George (Novemba 25, 2014). "Metaphysical conspiracism: UFOs as discursive object between popular millennial and conspiracist fields". University of Edinburgh Research Archive. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
- ↑
- Knight, Peter (2008). "Outrageous Conspiracy Theories: Popular and Official Responses to 9/11 in Germany and the United States". New German Critique (103). Duke University Press: 165–193. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Byington, Bradley (Desemba 19, 2020). "Antisemitic Conspiracy Theories and Violent Extremism on the Far Right: a Public Health Approach to Counter-Radicalization". Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism. doi:10.26613/jca/2.1.19. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Allington, Daniel; Buarque, Beatriz L; Flores, Daniel Barker (Desemba 27, 2020). "Antisemitic conspiracy fantasy in the age of digital media: Three 'conspiracy theorists' and their YouTube audiences". Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics. 30 (1). doi:10.1177/0963947020971997. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Dye, Isobel (Juni 24, 2023). "Does Antisemitism Provide the Blueprint for Nearly All Conspiracy Theories?" (PDF). Polyphony. 5 (2). American Studies Press. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Kressel, Neil J. (2024). "The Psychology of Contemporary Antisemitism". Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination (tol. la 3). Routledge. ISBN 9781003399162. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- Knight, Peter (2008). "Outrageous Conspiracy Theories: Popular and Official Responses to 9/11 in Germany and the United States". New German Critique (103). Duke University Press: 165–193. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 14, 2024.
- ↑
- Vidino, Lorenzo (Februari 8, 2023). "Intersectional Antisemitism in America". Tablet magazine. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 16, 2024.
More often, left-wing antisemites claim to be acting in the name of progressive principles while espousing the same trite tropes that depict Jews as embodiments of soulless capitalism, colonialism (Israel is cast as the last colonial state), and white privilege.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Sears, Oliver (2024). "Anti-Zionism' has become the new Antisemitism in Ireland". Fathom Journal. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 16, 2024.
The language I hear denouncing Zionism is identical to the language deployed by antisemites, historical and current.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Slater, Tom (Desemba 9, 2024). "Who is the Guardian to call spiked 'hard right'?". Spiked. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 16, 2024.
While it smears us as right-wing extremists, it stands accused of harbouring misogynists and anti-Semites.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Glavin, Terry (Desemba 11, 2024). "The Explosion of Jew-Hate in Trudeau's Canada". The Free Press. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 16, 2024.
Almost none of these verbal or physical assaults are coming from white supremacists or antisemites of the right-wing variety. They are being carried out by self-described progressives, Arabs [... .]
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Socken, Paul (Desemba 13, 2024). "Pity the Poor Antisemite". Jewish Journal. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 16, 2024.
The antisemite is the most extreme and enduring symptom of a society in crisis.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- Vidino, Lorenzo (Februari 8, 2023). "Intersectional Antisemitism in America". Tablet magazine. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 16, 2024.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Pierre, Dion J. (Januari 14, 2025). "Nearly Half of World's Adults Hold Antisemitic Views, ADL Survey Finds". Algemeiner. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 15, 2025.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 8.0 8.1 Maltz, Judy (Januari 14, 2025). "'Deeply Alarming' | Kuwait and Indonesia Top List of World's Most Antisemitic Countries, Global Survey Shows". Haaretz. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 15, 2025.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Pancevski, Bojan (Januari 14, 2025). "Nearly Half of Adults Worldwide Hold Antisemitic Views, Survey Finds". Wall Street Journal (WSJ). Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 15, 2025.
Antisemitism has surged, especially among the young, as the Holocaust fades from collective memory
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Bard, Mitchell. "Anti-Semitism or Antisemitism?". Jewish Virtual Library. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 4, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6
- "Semite | #TranslateHate | AJC". American Jewish Committee. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 16, 2025.
Given the term's linguistic origins [...] some Arabic speakers say they cannot be antisemitic because they are "Semites" too [...] these claims are actually a manifestation of turn of the century European racism [. ...] the Black Hebrew Israelites, have said they cannot be antisemitic because they "are the Semitic people." Celebrity Kanye (Ye) West echoed this belief [. ...which] is an example of the antisemitic claim that today's Jews are not descended from the Jews of the Bible.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Starr, Michael (Februari 4, 2022). "Encyclopedia Britannica: Arab, Semitic people can't be called antisemitic". The Jerusalem Post. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 16, 2025.
Excluding Arabs and Semitic people from being labeled antisemitic because of their "Semitism" is what is called a "etymological fallacy" -- When the archaic root words or original meaning of a term are used to make an argument about the current meaning or even the generally accepted definition.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Origins and concept of anti-Semitism". Britannica. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 16, 2025.
{{cite web}}
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- "Semite | #TranslateHate | AJC". American Jewish Committee. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 16, 2025.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedA1
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 * Kertzer, David I. "The Roman Catholic Church, the Holocaust, and the demonization of the Jews. Response to "Benjamin and us: Christanity, its Jews, and history" by Jeanne Favret-Saada". HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. 4 (3). Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States: The University of Chicago Press: 329–333. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
OPEN ACCESS
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)- "Antisemitism in History: From the Early Church to 1400". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "The resurrection of Christian antisemitism". The Jerusalem Post. 18 Juni 2020. Iliwekwa mnamo 6 Oktoba 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Expelled Tory mayor 'said Jews were responsible for Jesus's death'". The Telegraph. Februari 15, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 15, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Radical Traditional Catholicism". Southern Poverty Law Center. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
{{cite web}}
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- "Antisemitism in History: From the Early Church to 1400". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 The Talmud in Anti-Semitic Polemics (PDF). Anti-Defamation League. 2003. uk. 11. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 15 Agosti 2014. Iliwekwa mnamo 15 Agosti 2014.
{{cite book}}
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- Gerber, Gane S. (1986). History and hate: the dimensions of anti-Semitism. Jewish Publication Society of America. uk. 88. ISBN 0827602677.
- Kelly, John (2005). The Great Mortality: An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most Devastating Plague of All Time. HarperCollins. uk. 242. ISBN 978-0060006921.
- "Iranian TV Blood Libel: Jewish Rabbis Killed Hundreds of European Children to use Their Blood for Passover Holiday & Discussion on Holocaust Denial". 22 Desemba 2005. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 4 Juni 2011.
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- ↑
- Etinger, Iakov (1995). "The Doctors' Plot: Stalin's Solution to the Jewish Question". In Yaacov Ro'i, Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4619-9, pp. 103–6.
- "Six Jewish doctors arrested, jumpstarting 'Doctors Plot'". World Jewish Congress.
- "A viral post demonizing Zionist doctors sounds eerily like a Soviet antisemitic conspiracy theory". The Forward.
- "American 'anti-racism' activist condemned over 'terrified about Zionist doctors' claim". Jewish News.
- ↑ Láníček, Jan (2013). Czechs, Slovaks and the Jews, 1938–48: Beyond Idealisation and Condemnation (kwa Kiingereza). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-31747-6.
- ↑ "Jewish 'Control' of the Federal Reserve: A Classic Anti-Semitic Myth". Anti-Defamation League. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 12 Januari 2014. Iliwekwa mnamo 25 Januari 2014.
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- Boym, Svetlana (Spring 1999). "Conspiracy theories and literary ethics: Umberto Eco, Danilo Kis and The Protocols of Zion". Comparative Literature. 51 (2): 97–122. doi:10.2307/1771244. JSTOR 1771244.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "The Myth that Jews Control the World". World Jewish Congress. Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 26, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - S. Broschowitz, Michael (Mei 6, 2022). "The Violent Impact of Anti-Semitic Conspiracy Theories: Examining the Jewish World Domination Narratives and History". Center on Terrorism, Extremism, and Counterterrorism. Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey. Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 26, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Alderman, G. (1983). The Jewish Community in British Politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press. uk. 102.
- Boym, Svetlana (Spring 1999). "Conspiracy theories and literary ethics: Umberto Eco, Danilo Kis and The Protocols of Zion". Comparative Literature. 51 (2): 97–122. doi:10.2307/1771244. JSTOR 1771244.
- ↑
- Herf, Jeffrey (2005). "The 'Jewish War': Goebbels and the Antisemitic Campaigns of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 19 (1): 51–80. doi:10.1093/hgs/dci003. S2CID 143944355.
- "Dissemination of racist and antisemitic hate material on television programs". domino.un.org. United Nations Economic and Social Council. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 28 Desemba 2012. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Septemba 2005.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Schwarz, Sidney (2006). Judaism and Justice: The Jewish Passion to Repair the World. Jewish Lights Publishing. uk. 96. ISBN 1-58023-312-0.
- Mendes, Philip (2010). Debunking the myth of Jewish communism.
- ↑ Karsh, Efraim (Julai 2012). "The war against the Jews". Israel Affairs. 18 (3): 319–343. doi:10.1080/13537121.2012.689514. S2CID 144144725.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑
- Laqueur, Walter (Septemba 21, 2006). "Contemporary Antisemitism". The Changing Face of Anti-Semitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. ISBN 9780195304299. Iliwekwa mnamo Februari 9, 2025.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Figes, Orlando (2007). The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia. New York City: Metropolitan Books. uk. 494. ISBN 978-0-8050-7461-1.
- Etinger, Iakov (1995). "The Doctors' Plot: Stalin's Solution to the Jewish Question". In Yaacov Ro'i, Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4619-9, pp. 103–6.
- "Six Jewish doctors arrested, jumpstarting 'Doctors Plot'". World Jewish Congress. 2021.
- "American 'anti-racism' activist condemned over 'terrified about Zionist doctors' claim". Jewish News. Januari 3, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Februari 8, 2025.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "A viral post demonizing Zionist doctors sounds eerily like a Soviet antisemitic conspiracy theory". The Forward. Januari 4, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Februari 8, 2025.
{{cite news}}
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- Laqueur, Walter (Septemba 21, 2006). "Contemporary Antisemitism". The Changing Face of Anti-Semitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. ISBN 9780195304299. Iliwekwa mnamo Februari 9, 2025.
- ↑
- Brook, Vincent (2006). You Should See Yourself: Jewish Identity in Postmodern American Culture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. uk. 166. ISBN 0813538440.
This outlook can be viewed positively as a condition that enhances Jews' and adaptability and empathy for others, or it can have a negative connotation, as in the recurring trope of the rootless cosmopolitan
- Glasman, Maurice (22 Mei 2019). "No direction home: the tragedy of the Jewish left". New Statesman.
I knew that the phrase "rootless cosmopolitan" was minted by Stalin and his executioners in the show trials to exterminate Jews, particularly Trotskyists, for whom this became the standard expression. I cannot hear it without the dread fear of the knock on the door by the Cheka in the early hours.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Kigezo:Cite hansard
- "Union official told to 'cease' social media after 'rootless cosmopolitans' tweet". Jewish News. Aprili 8, 2019. Iliwekwa mnamo Februari 8, 2025.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Mathis-Lilley, Ben (Machi 17, 2022). "Fox News Analyst Recently Said "Rootless Cosmopolitans"—Also Known as Jews—Are the Cause of America's Problems". Slate. Iliwekwa mnamo Februari 8, 2025.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Anti-Zionist speaker uses Stalinist slogan about Jews at Holocaust Memorial Day event". The Jewish Chronicle. Januari 26, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Februari 8, 2025.
{{cite news}}
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- Brook, Vincent (2006). You Should See Yourself: Jewish Identity in Postmodern American Culture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. uk. 166. ISBN 0813538440.
- ↑ * Harkabi, Yehoshafat (1987) [1968]. "Contemporary Arab Anti-Semitism: its Causes and Roots". Katika Fein, Helen (mhr.). The Persisting Question: Sociological Perspectives and Social Contexts of Modern Antisemitism. Walter de Gruyter. ku. 412–427. ISBN 978-3-11-010170-6.
- Schnirelmann, Victor A. (2007a). "The story of a euphemism: The Khazars in Russian Nationalist Literature 353-372". Katika Golden, Peter B.; Ben-Shammai, Haggai; Róna-Tas, András (whr.). The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Juz. la 17. Brill. ku. 353–372. ISBN 978-90-04-16042-2.
- Singerman, Robert (2004). "Contemporary Racist and Judeophobic Ideology Discovers the Khazars, or, Who Really Are the Jews?". Rosaline and Myer Feinstein Lecture Series 2004. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 23 Novemba 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo 1 Machi 2014.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Rossman, Vadim Joseph (2007). "Anti-Semitism in Eurasian Historiography: The Case of Lev Gumilev". Katika Shlapentokh, Dmitry (mhr.). Russia Between East and West: Scholarly Debates on Eurasianism. Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-15415-5.
- Rory Miller(2020) The anti-Zionist ‘Jewish Khazar’ syndrome in the official British mind
- ↑ 25.0 25.1
- Faber, Eli (1998). Jews, Slaves, and the Slave Trade: Setting the Record Straight (tol. la 1). NYU Press. ISBN 978-0814726396. JSTOR j.ctt9qg5gs. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 2, 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Extreme Black Hebrew Israelite Movement" (PDF). Simon Wiesenthal Center. Desemba 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "What are the Myths, Facts, About Hebrew Israelites? Two Experts Discuss Jews of African Descent". UC Davis. 4 Januari 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "CAA Launched Four-part "Debunked: Black Hebrew Israelites" Instagram Series". Campaign Against Antisemitism. 14 Machi 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- Faber, Eli (1998). Jews, Slaves, and the Slave Trade: Setting the Record Straight (tol. la 1). NYU Press. ISBN 978-0814726396. JSTOR j.ctt9qg5gs. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 2, 2024.
- ↑
- "Louis Farrakhan". Southern Poverty Law Center. Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 27, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Ungar-Sargon, Batya (Agosti 5, 2013). "Is Jewish Control Over the Slave Trade a Nation of Islam Lie or Scholarly Truth?". Tablet Magazine. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 2, 2024.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Katz, Dan (Septemba 11, 2016). "Scapegoating Jews for the slave trade?". Workers’ Liberty. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 2, 2024.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Hughes, Coleman (2024). "Black Radicalism". SAPIR Journal. Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 27, 2024.
Antisemitism runs deeper in the black radical tradition than many realize
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Paul Coates, father of journalist Ta-Nehisi Coates, republishing antisemitic screed 'The Jewish Onslaught'". Jewish Insider. Septemba 27, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 5, 2024.
{{cite news}}
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- "Louis Farrakhan". Southern Poverty Law Center. Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 27, 2024.
- ↑
- Topor, Lev (2020). "COVID-19: Blaming the Jews for the Plague, Again". Fathom Journal. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Oktoba 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Dr. Manfred Gerstenfeld (31 Machi 2020). "Anti-Jewish Coronavirus Conspiracy Theories in Historical Context". Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Oktoba 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "'Jewish Space Lasers': Rothschild antisemitic canards that refuse to die - review". The Jerusalem Post. 3 Novemba 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Oktoba 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Allington, Daniel; Hirsh, David; Katz, Louise (Desemba 5, 2023). "Correlation between coronavirus conspiracism and antisemitism: a cross-sectional study in the United Kingdom". Scientific Reports. 13 (21104). Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 15, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "How Antisemites, Extremists and Conspiracy Theorists are Exploiting the Anti-Vax Movement". Anti-Defamation League. Juni 11, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 15, 2024.
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- Topor, Lev (2020). "COVID-19: Blaming the Jews for the Plague, Again". Fathom Journal. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Oktoba 2024.
- ↑ "Who Are the Jews? | AJC - American Jewish Committee". American Jewish Committee. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 13, 2025.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Gil, Moshe (1997). The origin of the Jews of Yathrib. Brill. ku. 4–5. ISBN 9789004138827.
- ↑
- Cohen, Amnon (1984). Jewish Life under Islam: Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century. Harvard University Press. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674283589. ISBN 9780674283572. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 11, 2025.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Simonsen, Jørgen Bæk (2004). "Administration In The Islamic State: An Interpretation Of The Terms "Dhimma" And "Jizya"". Islam: State And Society (tol. la 1). Routledge. ISBN 9780203060957. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 11, 2025.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Wagner, Mark (Novemba 30, 2018). "What Do You Know? Dhimmi, Jewish Legal Status under Muslim Rule". Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 11, 2025.
{{cite web}}
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- Cohen, Amnon (1984). Jewish Life under Islam: Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century. Harvard University Press. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674283589. ISBN 9780674283572. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 11, 2025.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1
- Gardet, Louis (1954). La Cité Musulmane. Vie Sociale et Politique (kwa Kifaransa) (tol. la 2). Paris, Ufaransa: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin. uk. 348. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 11, 2025.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Ye'or, Bat (1985). The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians Under Islam (kwa American English). Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ku. 43–44, 56–57. ISBN 9781611470796. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 11, 2025.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Spencer, Robert (2009). "The Qur'an: Israel Is Not for the Jews". Middle East Quarterly. 16 (4). Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 11, 2025.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Gershenson, Miriam (Novemba 21, 2024). "Israeli Scholar Explains Religious Conflicts Between Jews and Muslims". San Diego Jewish World. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 11, 2025.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Jews in Islamic Countries: The Treatment of Jews". Jewish Virtual Library. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 11, 2025.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- Gardet, Louis (1954). La Cité Musulmane. Vie Sociale et Politique (kwa Kifaransa) (tol. la 2). Paris, Ufaransa: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin. uk. 348. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 11, 2025.
- ↑ "Muslim-Western Tensions Persist - Pew Research Center". Washington, DC. 21 Julai 2011.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑
- "The Western Media Misguided Narrative about Al Jazeera". Washington Institute. Machi 22, 2018. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 1, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Qatari-funded Al Jazeera Arabic channel suspends journalists over 'Holocaust denial' video". The Telegraph. Mei 20, 2019. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 1, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Al Jazeera suspends journalists for Holocaust denial video". BBC News. Mei 20, 2019. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 1, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Al Jazeera Must Register as a Foreign Agent". Foundation for Defense of Democracies. Novemba 24, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 1, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Al-Jazeera's Holocaust legacy: Justification alongside outright denial". The Jerusalem Post. Mei 6, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 1, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Al Jazeera | News Channel, History, & Qatar | Britannica". Britannica. Oktoba 25, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 1, 2024.
{{cite web}}
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- "The Western Media Misguided Narrative about Al Jazeera". Washington Institute. Machi 22, 2018. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 1, 2024.
- ↑
- "Al Jazeera – Bias and Credibility". Media Bias / Fact Check. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 9, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Middle East Eye". Honest Reporting. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 3, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Al Jazeera Website Bias and Reliability". Ad Fontes Media. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 9, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Qatar's Other Covert Media Arm". American Enterprise Institute. Julai 25, 2017. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 3, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "What is 'Middle East Eye' - the shadowy Qatar-linked news outlet that interviewed Humza Yousaf". Scottish Daily Express. Februari 29, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 3, 2024.
{{cite news}}
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- "Al Jazeera – Bias and Credibility". Media Bias / Fact Check. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 9, 2024.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid
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tag; no text was provided for refs namedS(A)
- ↑ "The ADL GLOBAL 100: An Index of Antisemitism – South Africa". Anti-Defamation League. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑
- Mascarini, Saadia (Januari 11, 2024). "South Africa's antisemitic firestorm". Jewish News Syndicate. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "South African Jewish community unnerved by Israel genocide case". Financial Times (FT). Januari 24, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
Row over young cricket captain exposes social rift as Pretoria pursues landmark International Court of Justice lawsuit
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "In Washington Mission, WJC and South African Jewish Board of Deputies Highlight Surge in Antisemitism". World Jewish Congress. Aprili 26, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Exposing the Corruption Behind South Africa's ICJ Case: An Interview With ISGAP Executive Director, Dr. Charles Asher Small". HonestReporting. Desemba 12, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
{{cite web}}
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- Mascarini, Saadia (Januari 11, 2024). "South Africa's antisemitic firestorm". Jewish News Syndicate. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
- ↑
- "South Africa accused of 'plain antisemitism' after 'sacking' Jewish cricket captain". Daily Express. Januari 17, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "South African politician accuses rivals of selling Cape Town to Jews". The Jewish Chronicle. Februari 20, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
National Freedom Party figure says 'we will not allow you to make this a Jewish state'
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "UCT prof targeted for exam depicting antisemitism". South African Jewish Report (SAJR). Mei 30, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Nothing to be gained from silence about antisemitism". South African Jewish Report (SAJR). Oktoba 31, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "South African Jewish community condemns president for silence after explosive thrown at JCC". The Jerusalem Post. Desemba 18, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- "South Africa accused of 'plain antisemitism' after 'sacking' Jewish cricket captain". Daily Express. Januari 17, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
- ↑ "'There is No Antisemitism Here,' South African Justice Minister Claims, Despite 631 Percent Increase in Attacks on Jews". Algemeiner. Januari 31, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 23, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑
- "What is Genocide?". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 18, 2024.
{{cite web}}
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "What is Genocide? | Holocaust Encyclopedia". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Septemba 25, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 18, 2024.
{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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- ↑
- "Adolf Hitler publishes 'Mein Kampf'". Anne Frank House. Julai 18, 1925. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 3, 2024.
{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Michalczyk, John J.; Michalczyk, Susan A.; Bryant, Michael S. (Novemba 26, 2022). "Hitler's Mein Kampf and the Holocaust: A Prelude to Genocide". German History. 41 (1): 134–137. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 3, 2024.
{{cite journal}}
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- "Adolf Hitler publishes 'Mein Kampf'". Anne Frank House. Julai 18, 1925. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU Member States: experiences and perceptions of antisemitism" (PDF). European Union Agency for Fundamental Haki. 2013. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 2, 2024.
{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Jewish group's report finds rise in antisemitic incidents in Poland". The Times of Israel. Aprili 25, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 2, 2024.
First survey of its kind counts 488 anti-Jewish matendo nchini Poland mwaka 2022, zaidi ya mara 4 ya jumla iliyotajwa na European Union mwaka uliopita
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Middle-East Conflict Sparks Uptick in Anti-Semitic Incidents in South-East Europe". Balkan Insight. Oktoba 23, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 2, 2024.
Ghasia zinazoendelea nchini Israeli-Palestina zinaunganishwa na ongezeko la matukio ya kupinga Wayahudi [...] uharibifu wa maeneo ya ukumbusho wa Maangamizi Makuu katika Ulaya Mashariki na Kusini-Mashariki mwa Ulaya.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Antisemitism is deeply ingrained in European society, says EU official". The Guardian. Oktoba 30, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 2, 2024.
Maelezo ya mkuu wa haki yanakuja wakati makundi ya kiraia yakionya kuhusu ongezeko la chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi huku Vita vya Israeli na Hamas
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Jews in Europe still face high levels of antisemitism". European Union Agency for Fundamental Haki (FRA). Julai 11, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 2, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- "The State of Antisemitism in Eastern Europe". American Jewish Committee. Desemba 17, 2020. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 2, 2024.
- ↑
- "How Jewish journalist Ruth Elkrief wound up in the middle of France's debate over antisemitism and Islamophobia". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Februari 21, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Hanning, August (Machi 19, 2024). "An Inconvenient Truth". Tablet Magazine. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Former German Intelligence head blames far-left and Muslim migrants for growing antisemitism". The Jewish Chronicle. Machi 26, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "German MPs to name Muslim Jew-hatred as antisemitism vector". Jewish News Syndicate. Novemba 3, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Yemini, Ben-Dror. "From Nazis to Jihadists: Antisemitism, the cancer of the West". Ynetnews. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- "How Jewish journalist Ruth Elkrief wound up in the middle of France's debate over antisemitism and Islamophobia". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Februari 21, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
- ↑
- "Antisemitism Among Migrant Populations in Europe". American Jewish Committee. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Jikeli, Günther (2015). European Muslim Antisemitism: Why Young Urban Males Say They Don't Like Jews. Indiana University Press. JSTOR j.ctt16gzdvm. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Rickenbacher, Daniel (2018). "Pop Islam: How Germany is tackling the new Islamic antisemitism". Fathom Journal. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Pancevski, Bojan (Oktoba 18, 2023). "Antisemitism Among Muslim Migrants Unsettles a Germany Haunted by the Holocaust". Wall Street Journal (WSJ). Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Murray, Douglas (Novemba 9, 2023). "How Mass Immigration Makes Antisemitism Worse". National Review. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- "Antisemitism Among Migrant Populations in Europe". American Jewish Committee. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 26, 2024.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1
- "Eoin O'Duffy, the Blueshirts and fascism". The Irish Times. Februari 9, 2005. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 7, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Shindler, Colin (Machi 31, 2016). "The Jew at the centre of Irish nationalism". The Jewish Chronicle. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 7, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Anti-Semitism in Ireland along the history". Ireland Israel Alliance. Novemba 5, 2018. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 7, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Goldman, David P. (Aprili 17, 2020). "Fascist Lit and Hungary's Future". Tablet Magazine. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 7, 2024.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Fine Gael's Historical Flirtations With Fascism". TPQ. Septemba 23, 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 7, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- "Eoin O'Duffy, the Blueshirts and fascism". The Irish Times. Februari 9, 2005. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 7, 2024.