CARE OF PATIENT WITH PAIN. pptx
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CARE OF PATIENT WITH PAIN. pptx
- 1. CARE OF PATIENTS WITH PAIN PRESENTED BY……. MS. ANEETA SHARMA MSC NURSING TUTOR
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Pain is an unpleasant feeling or discomfort in the body. It is a warning sign that something is wrong. Only the patient can feel it, and it can be mild or severe. MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 3. DEFINITION "Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.“ According to IASP MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 4. TYPES OF PAIN I. Acute Pain – Short-term, sudden onset (e.g., injury, surgery). II. Chronic Pain – Long-term, lasts for more than 6 months (e.g., arthritis, cancer). III.Referred Pain – Felt in an area different from the source (e.g., pain from a heart attack felt in the arm). IV. Neuropathic Pain – Caused by nerve damage (e.g., diabetic neuropathy). V. Psychogenic Pain – Related to psychological factors.(Stress headache MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 5. CAUSES Injury or accident Surgery Infection Illness (like arthritis, cancer) Stress or emotional problems MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 6. Objectives •To identify the type, cause, and severity of pain •To develop and implement an individualized pain management plan. •To relieve or reduce pain to an acceptable level •To monitor the effectiveness of pain interventions MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 7. ASSESSMENT “SOCRATES " S- SITE – where exactly? O- ONSET- from when? C- CHARACTER- how pain looks like? R- RADIATES- does the pain goes anywhere? A- ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS- another symptoms T-TIME DURATION- when and how along? E- EXACERBATING/RELIEVING FACTORS- does pain was better or worse S- SEVERITY- how extent pain is? MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 8. FACTORS TO CHOOSE PAIN SCALE • Age of the patient 1 • Physical condition 2 • Level of pain 3 • Mental status 4 • Ability to communicate 5 MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 9. PAIN ASSESSMENT TOOLS 1-Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) 2-Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 3.Behavioural pain scale 4-FLACC Scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 10. 1-Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) • The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is one of the most commonly used pain assessment tools in clinical practice. • The NRS asks the patient to rate their pain on a scale from 0 to 10, where: • 0 = No pain • 1–3 = Mild pain • 4–6 = Moderate pain • 7–10 = Severe pain • 10 = Worst possible pain MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 11. 2-Visual Analog Scale (VAS) • The Wong-Baker FACES Pain Scale is a widely used visual tool to assess pain in children and patients who have difficulty communicating verbally. • This scale features 6 faces ranging from a happy face at 0 (no pain) to a crying face at 10 (worst pain). Each face is associated with a number and a description. MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 12. 3-BEHAVIOURAL PAIN SCALE • The Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) is a clinical tool used to assess pain in non-verbal, critically ill, or sedated patients, especially those on mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs). • Since some patients cannot self-report pain, the BPS assesses observable behaviors as indicators of pain. • The scale evaluates three behavioral indicators; each scored from 1 to 4 MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 13. Category Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4 Facial Expression Relaxed Partially tightened Fully tightened Grimacing Upper Limbs No movement Partially bent Fully bent with tension Permanently retracted Compliance with Ventilation (or vocalization in non- ventilated patients) Tolerating movement Coughing but tolerating Fighting ventilator Unable to control ventilation Score Range Meaning 3 No pain 4–6 Mild pain 7–9 Moderate pain 10–12 Severe pain MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 14. 4-FLACC Scale • The FLACC scale is a behavioral pain assessment tool used for infants, toddlers, and non- verbal or cognitively impaired patients. • It evaluates observable behaviors to estimate pain when the patient cannot self-report. • FLACC stands for: • F – Face • L – Legs • A – Activity • C – Cry • C – Consolability MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 15. Category 0 1 2 Face No expression or smile Occasional grimace or frown, withdrawn Frequent to constant frown, clenched jaw, quivering chin Legs Normal position or relaxed Uneasy, restless, tense Kicking, legs drawn up Activity Lying quietly, moves easily Squirming, tense Arched, rigid, or jerking Cry No cry (awake or asleep) Moans or whimpers, occasional complaint Crying steadily, screams, sobs Consolability Content, relaxed Reassured by touch or talk Difficult to console or comfort Total Score Pain Level 0 No pain 1–3 Mild discomfort 4–6 Moderate pain 7–10 Severe pain MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 16. NURSING CARE 1-Non-Pharmacologic- -Weight reduction -Positioning for comfort -Apply heat/cold application -Encourage distraction techniques (TV , music, talking) -Support relaxation techniques: deep breathing, guided imagery -Offer massage, touch, or aromatherapy MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 17. 2.PHARMACOLOGIC- ANALGESICS - NON OPIOIDS OPIOIDS ADUUSCENTS MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 18. A. Non-Opioid Analgesics Used for mild to moderate pain. Often first-line therapy. E.G.-Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) ,Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac B. Opioid Analgesics Used for moderate to severe pain when non-opioids are insufficient. E.G.-Morphine, Fentanyl, Tramadol C. Adjuvant Medications Drugs not primarily designed for pain but helpful for specific pain types (especially neuropathic pain). E.G.-Lidocaine patch, Capsaicin cream. Corticosteroids MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 19. NURSES RESPONSBILITY Use appropriate pain scale Check respiratory rate, BP, and sedation level Follow the 6 Rights: right patient, drug, dose, time, route, documentation Use aseptic technique if needed Explain the medication to the patient Reassess pain in 15–60 minutes (depending on route) Watch for side effects (e.g., sedation, nausea, respiratory depression) Teach proper use and side effect reporting Encourage early pain reporting Record pain score, drug details, time given, and patient response MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)
- 20. MS. ANEETA SHARMA NURSING LECTURER(CHILD HEALTH NURSING)