2. INTRODUCTION
•Hydrocephalus refers to a condition where there is an
abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the
ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) of the brain.
•This buildup can lead to increased pressure inside the skull,
potentially causing brain damage and developmental delays..
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
3. DEFINITION
•Hydrocephalus is defined as an imbalance between production
and absorption of CSF.
•It is characterized by abnormal increase in the volume of
cerebrospinal fluid within the intracranial cavity resulting in
enlargement of the fetus head is called hydrocephalus.
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
4. NORMAL PATHOLOGY OF CSF
CSF produced by choroid plexus
Lateral ventricles of the brain
3rd
ventricles of the brain
aqueduct of Sylvius
4th
ventricles of the brain
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
5. foramen Magendie foramen Luschka
( medium aperture) ( Lateral aperture)
Cisterna magna
Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid villi
CSF is finally reabsorbed in to venous sinus
(superior sagittal suture)
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
14. •Delayed Clouser of
anterior fontanelle
•Tense bulging
fontanelle
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
15. •Scalp veins are prominent, and scalp appear shiny
•Cracked pot sign is heard on percussion of skull is called
(Macewen's sign)
•Poor feeding
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
16. •Sun setting sign
•High pitch cry
•Infant may have physical and mental retardation
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
17. CHILDREN
•No enlargement of head but increased ICP
•Headache on awaking in the morning
•Nausea vomiting
•Irritability and high shrill cry
•Lethargy
•Confusion
•Impaired judgment and reasoning
•Affected motor activity ataxia
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
19. •Intracranial pressure monitoring-Intracranial pressure (ICP)
monitoring is a diagnostic test that measures the pressure inside the brain and
surrounding tissues. The test is used to treat a variety of neurological conditions,
including severe traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain bleeds, hydrocephalus, and
brain tumors
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
20. •Ultrasonography
•CT Scan $ MRI (types of hydrocephalus)
•Amniocentesis-amniocentesis can be used to detect
hydrocephalus, a condition where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
builds up in the brain's ventricles.
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
22. 2-Surgical management-
V.A. Shunt (Ventriculoarterial shunt)-
• Shunt in between lateral ventricles and right atrium.
• ventriculoarterial (VA) shunt is a procedure that drains
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain's cerebral ventricles
into the heart's right atrium.
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
23. •V.P. Shunt (Ventricular peritoneal)-
•Shunt in between lateral ventricles and peritoneum.
•A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a thin plastic tube that
drains excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain to
stomach to treat hydrocephalus
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
24. 3- Nursing management-
PRE-OPERATIVE CARE-
•Measures the head circumferences of the child daily.
•Palpate the fontanelles for evidence of increase ICP.
•Assess the level of consciousness.
•Monitor vital sign regularly .
•Use barrier nursing while providing care.
•A water pillow or lamb wool may be used to keep head over it.
•The infant is prone to vomit ,so provide small frequents feeding
with intermittent burping.
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
25. POST-OPERATIVE NURSING CARE-
•Monitor vital sign frequently after surgery.
•Assess the neurological status and level of
consciousness.
•Maintain intake and output chart.
•Observe for any drainage from operated site.
•Prophylactic antibiotic must administer to infant.
•Teach parents about care of the child at home.
MS. ANEETA SHARMA
NURSING LECTURER (CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
