Emotion-Psychology
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The document discusses the nature and characteristics of emotions, defining them as subjective responses accompanied by physiological changes and behavioral shifts. It categorizes emotions into positive and negative, primary and secondary, and explains the physiological and psychological changes that occur during emotional experiences. Additionally, it reviews various theories of emotion, including the James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer theories, each illustrating different perspectives on the connection between physiological responses and emotional experiences.
Emotion-Psychology
- 1. Emotion Mr.Visanth V S Sherwood College of Nursing Barabanki, UP
- 2. Emotion Emotion is derived from a Latin word “emovere” which means “stirred up” or “to excite”. So emotion is the excited state or stirred up state of an individual and it is purely a private experience. An emotion is a full body/mind/behavior response to a situation.
- 3. Definition Emotion is defined as a subjective response that is usually accompanied by physiological changes and is associated with change in behavior. Stirred up state of an organism. -Woodworth
- 4. Nature and Characteristics of Emotions Emotions are universal Emotions are personal/unique. Emotions rise abruptly but subside slowly. Emotions are the product of our perceptions. Same emotions can be aroused by a number of different stimuli, objects and situations.
- 5. Nature and Characteristics of Emotions Whenever an organism is experiencing an emotion a lot of energy is released. Emotions bring about physical, physiological and psychological changes in the organism Each emotion has certain definite muscular and overt behavior
- 6. Types/Kinds of Emotions Positive emotions: Are the pleasant emotions which are beneficial/ helpful for the individual. Eg: happiness, joy, curiosity etc. Negative emotions: Are unpleasant emotional experiences, it doesn’t produce any beneficial effects. Eg: fear, angry, jealousy etc.
- 7. Contd…. Primary emotions: These are direct emotional reactions to a situation, and they are called primary because they come first. Eg: Joy, happiness, fear, shame, sadness etc. Secondary emotion: This is an emotional response to a primary emotion, thus an emotion about what we feel. Eg: Worry, anxiety, anger, jealousy etc.
- 8. Components of Emotion Responses to Emotion Subjective experiences/ Thought action tendencies/ Internal bodily changes/Facial Expression Cognitive Appraisal Stimuli from Environment
- 9. Neuropsychology of Emotion Dual processing of emotions: Activation of the amygdala produces visceral responses Cortical activation allows for use of memory in understanding emotional stimuli
- 11. Physical Changes in Emotions Facial expression: Each emotion has its definite facial expressions. Various muscles of the face such as the muscles of the eyes, nose, lips and forehead undergo changes by twisting and twitching. Muscular adjustments: Under certain emotional expressions the muscles of the body make automatic adjustments.
- 12. Contd……. Voice changes: Voice also tells about the emotion of an individual. Releasing of energy: During emotions a lot of energy is released to meet the emergency situation. Our liver releases glycogen which gets converted into glucose and it gets burnt releasing energy. Respiration and circulation: In order to supply more oxygen, lungs function faster and so breathing becomes shallow and faster. Further there is an increased blood pressure and heartbeats.
- 13. Contd…. Secretory Changes: There is a significant change in various glands. The flow of these secretions in the form of saliva, tears, sweats etc. Changes in thermoregulation: There is a change in temperature of the body. At the time of intense excitement, it generally goes down. Digestive changes: During emotions digestive system gets affected. During emotional state our stomach and intestines work quietly slow sometimes it increases the function.
- 14. Contd… Other changes: Erection of hairs Stimulation of sweat glands Dryness of mouth Pupils become dilate Redness of the face Changes in body movements Blood clots more quickly in case of wounds Brain functioning Emotion changes our sensory and perceptual processes.
- 15. Psychological Changes in Emotions During intense emotions our attention and perceptual process get altered. Our thinking and reasoning will be affected adversely. Learning will be slowed down during emotions. Memory will be inhibited. Disorientation of time, place and person may experience during an intense emotion.
- 16. Contd….. Person may be unable to concentrate in his tasks. Decreased ability to analyze and solve problems. Decrease in self-confidence and self-esteem. Person may become dull, withdrawn and pessimistic. In certain emotions one may become aggressive, become homicidal or suicidal ideas
- 17. Theories of Emotion Does your heart pound because you are afraid... or are you afraid because you feel your heart pounding?
- 18. James-Lange Theory of Emotion This theory is proposed by William James and Carl Lange. This is one of the best examples of physiological theory of emotions. James-Lange theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. For example: I see a snake “I am trembling, therefore I am feared.”
- 19. James-Lange Theory of Emotion Perception of an Environmental Situation Which Produces the Emotion Physiological responses of Body Experienced Emotion
- 20. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion This theory is proposed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard. According to this theory, the emotional experience and physiological experiences/ body arousal both are independent of each other. Both will be happening at the same time.
- 21. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion Perceived Stimulus Experienced Emotion Body Responses
- 22. Schachter- Singer / Two Factor Theory Proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer. The emotional experience is a result of our cognitive label or cognitive appraisal. As a result of the cognitive appraisal of the situation and body arousal we experience the emotion. For example, if you experience a racing heart and sweating palms during an exam, you will probably identify the emotion as anxiety. If you experience the same while seeing a snake, you might interpret as fear.
- 23. Schachter- Singer Theory Body Arousal Cognitive Label Experienced Emotion
Editor's Notes
- #25: No animation.